Neurodevelopment & Cytology
Clue: This type of neural tissue consists primarily of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses, rather than myelinated axons.
Answer: What is gray matter?
Clue: Broca’s area is located in this cerebral lobe, which is heavily associated with personality, judgment, and motor control.
Answer: What is the frontal lobe?
Clue: Unlike active transport pumps, these membrane structures provide passive transport of ions down their concentration gradients.
Answer: What are ion channels?
Clue: This is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction.
Answer: What is acetylcholine?
Clue: This substance is recognized as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Answer: What is glutamate?
Clue: Found primarily in invertebrates, this structural class of neuron sends electrical signals rapidly.
Answer: What is a unipolar neuron?
Clue: Damage to this region of the frontal lobe often impairs expressive speech production.
Answer: What is Broca's area?
Clue: This critical membrane mechanism uses cellular energy in the form of ATP to transport ions against their concentration gradient.
What is an ion pump?
Clue: Neuromuscular blocking drugs act by targeting this specific anatomical junction.
Answer: What is the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)?
Clue: This molecule serves as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter within the brain.
Answer: What is GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
Clue: In human anatomy, these neurons feature a single process extending from the cell body and serve as the primary neurons coordinating arm and leg movements.
Answer: What are pseudounipolar neurons?
Clue: The primary motor cortex is housed within this cerebral lobe
What is the frontal lobe?
Clue: The electrical phase during an action potential where inward ion movement shifts the membrane potential toward positive values.
Answer: What is depolarization?
Clue: This enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine into choline and acetate.
Answer: What is acetylcholinesterase?
Clue: This molecule is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and lower brainstem.
Answer: What is glycine?
Clue: The number of glial cell types found in the Central Nervous System versus the number found in the Peripheral Nervous System.
Answer: What are three (CNS) and two (PNS)?
Clue: The central nervous system consists anatomically of these two main structures.
Answer: What are the brain and spinal cord?
Clue: Ion channels that continuously stay open without requiring a ligand or voltage change to conduct ions.
Answer: What are non-gated (or leak) channels?
Clue: The two main classes of acetylcholine receptors found in the human body.
Answer: What are nicotinic and muscarinic receptors?
Clue: Because it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, glutamate must be synthesized inside the brain from this precursor.
Answer: What is glutamine?
Clue: This severe neural tube defect is defined by the herniation of both the meninges and the spinal cord through an opening in the spine.
Answer: What is a myelomeningocele?
Clue: This anatomical system within the brain contains and circulates cerebrospinal fluid through interconnected chambers.
Answer: What is the ventricular system?
Clue: This period following an action potential represents a time when no new action potential can be triggered, regardless of stimulus strength.
Answer: What is the absolute refractory period?
Clue: A continuous, persistent depolarized state at the neuromuscular junction leads directly to this clinical muscular outcome.
Answer: What is flaccid paralysis (depolarizing blockade)?
Clue: Low levels of acetylcholine are associated with Alzheimer's disease, while relatively high levels are linked to this disorder.
Parkinson's Disease