Psychology as a Science
The process of creating, testing, and accepting or refuting a hypothesis
What is the scientic method?
Occurs when no significant relationship or effect is found between the IV and the DV
What is a null hypothesis?
Refers to all possible people relevant to the hypothesis
What is a population?
A machine that uses oxygen levels to create high spatial resolution images of the brain
What is an fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)?
Occurs when participants change their behaviour to match or debunk the hypothesis
What are demand characteristics?
Data analysis involving the sequential aspects of speech
What is conversation analysis?
Refers to the overall consistency of the test
What is reliability?
Refers to the size of the effect of the IV on the DV
What is effect size?
An effect showing that reaction times are shorter for congruent trials in comparison to incongruent trials
What is the Stroop effect?
Occurs when participants tend to provide similar responses throughout the test
What is response bias?
The capacity for a statement, theory or hypothesis to be contradicted by evidence
What is falsification?
Refers to how accurately the test measures what it is supposed to measure
What is validity?
The descriptive study of cultures or societies based on direct observation
What is ethnography?
A machine that shows colours representing different levels of radioactivity, by utilising the fact that the uptake of glucose is greater in active brain areas
What is a PET (positron emission tomography) scan?
Occurs when there is a change in performance from repeated testing?
What are practice effects?
The notion that the simplest hypothesis is often the most likely to be accurate
What is parsimony?
Variables that can potentially affect the relationship between the IV and DV
What are extraneous variables?
Refers to the study’s capacity to correctly reject the null hypothesis
What is statistical power?
Consists of EEG waves produced in response to psychological events
What are event related to potentials?
Occurs when participants tend to respond positively to all items
What is acquiescence bias?
Refers to the values, or systems of thought, in a society that are most standard and widely held at a given time
What is the dominant paradigm?
Refers to being clear on what each variable is, as well as showing how to quantify the DV
What is operationalising variables?
Research that challenges eurocentric methods of research by emphasising the voices of marginalised groups
What is decolonising qualitative research?
Refers to when participants are presented with more than one stimulus, measuring how fast they respond to a stimulus of their choice
What is discriminant reaction time?
Occurs when the researcher’s subjective opinion influences participant behaviour
What is experimenter/observer/research bias?