Types of Research Methods
This is a research method used to collect data from a predefined group of people to gather information, assess opinions, or measure behaviors.
What is a survey?
Gaining knowledge with the use of systematic observation, experience, or measurement.
empirical research
A bias in which we only look for evidence that confirms what we already believe, thereby strengthening the original belief.
What is confirmation bias?
This variable is thought to cause a change in behavior.
What is the independent variable?
A form of knowledge based on a a personal incident from the past.
ancedote
This type of study helps researchers see if a relationship exists between two or more variables.
What is a correlational study?
Recreating another person’s study to see if the findings are the same.
What is replication?
A failure to see the limitations of our immediate experience, making it difficult to predict alternative outcomes.
What is the “what you see is all there is” phenomenon?
This variable is that which is measured in the experiment.
What is the independent variable?
Claims or beliefs that are misrepresented as being derived from the use of the scientific method.
pseudoscience
This type of research requires the direct manipulation of a variable and might involve random assignment.
Research dedicated to solving a problem and helping people by improving their quality of life.
What is applied research?
Extreme outcomes are more likely when considering a small number of cases.
What is the law of small numbers?
Instead of feeling "overwhelmed," stress is _____ defined as the level of cortisol measured in saliva (in micrograms per deciliter).
What is operationally?
This form of knowledge requires assumptions and inferences.
What is logic and/or reasoning?
When we assign people to groups based on preexisting characteristics and see how a treatment affects them, this is called...
What is an ex post facto study or quasi-experiment?
The ability to actively evaluate, apply, analyze, and synthesize information.
What are critical-thinking skills?
A mental shortcut strategy for judging the likelihood of an event or situation to occur based on how easily we can remember similar or relevant instances.
What is the availability heuristic?
This occurs when the extraneous variable changes systematically with the level of the independent variable.
What is confounding?
Look both ways before crossing the street is an expression of this form of knowledge.
What is common sense?
This is the only type of research that you can use to infer causation.
What is an experiment?
What does your book say is at least one quality you learn from engaging in research that is a coveted skill by most jobs?
What is, for example, critical thinking, data analytics, communication, discipline, and project management?
A mental shortcut strategy for determining the likelihood of an event by how much it resembles what we consider to be a “typical” example of that event.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Ensuring each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to each condition of the experiment (2 words).
What is random assignment?
This is a reason why science has an advantage over other forms of knowledge.
What is evidence, empiricism, objectivity, and/or verification?