That's not 'normal'!
What is a violation of cultural norms?
Bernie Madoff stealing millions from his clients in a Ponzi scheme would be categorized as this type of crime.
This functionalist argued that deviance, rather than being 'bad', was a central part of social organization helpful for, among other things, clarifying moral boundaries and bringing people together.
Who is Emile Durkheim?
In this theory, people who are defined as deviant are those who are powerless.
What is (social-)conflict theory?
This perspective argues that deviance is not defined by what we do, but by how others react to and view our actions.
What is labelling theory?
In any culture, these are what determine whether someone's actions are deviant.
What are norms?
In Montreal, stolen bikes are a common form of this kind of crime.
What is property crime/crimes against property?
This theory distinguishes between deviance and too much deviance, arguing that too much deviance is produced when a society does not provide the means to achieve cultural goals.
What is strain theory (Merton)?
When a perpetrator sets a cross on fire in the yard of an interracial couple and targets them as deviant because of their race and identity, this is the special classification in Canadian law calls for stricter sentencing.
What is a hate crime?
The change from viewing alcoholism as a function of moral weakness to seeing it as disease is an example of this process in deviance.
What is the medicalization of deviance?
Rather than individual biological or psychological traits, these are what sociologists look to to explain deviance.
What are the social foundations of deviance?
If you are arrested and charged with a crime, this is the most common way the prosecutor and defense will resolve your case, vastly reducing your burden and avoiding a trial.
What is plea bargaining?
What is innovation?
In the relationship between capitalism and deviance, this group is likely to be defined as deviant because capitalism depends on a productive labour force.
Who are unemployed or out of work individuals?
What is differential association?
Parents scolding their children or a friend making fun of what you wear is an example of this.
What is social control? (what are sanctions)?
What is retribution?
According to Cloward and Ohlin, deviance arises not just from your response to lacking means for achieving goals, but also from your connection to this.
What is illegitimate (illegal) opportunity/relative opportunity structure?
According to Marx, because Trump belongs to this group, he is protected from being labelled as deviant or charged with a crime (power elite, capitalist class, patriarchy, elected office holders).
What is the capitalist class?
This occurs when someone develops a 'stronger' commitment to their deviant behavior and their identity and status is affected. (retrospective labelling, stigma, prospective labelling, secondary deviance).
What is stigma?
The regulation of homelessness and defining a person's actions as deviant if they are homeless reflects this foundation of deviance.
What is social inequality/power?
In looking at the higher rates of reported crime and arrests for Black Canadians and First Nations in Canada, this explanation focuses on the impact of media representation in reports and arrests. (social standing, racialization, profiling, geographic location)
What is racialization?
This pattern of deviance and crime results when people lack ANY opportunities. (criminal subcultures, conflict subcultures, delinquency, street code)
What are conflict subcultures?
Despite the emphasis on inequality, theories that emphasize power in deviance tend to ignore or overlook the role of power in this dimension of deviance and crime (race, gender, age, location)
What is gender?
In this form of Hirshi's social control theory, people engage in deviance when they have weak family and peer relationships. (involvement, belief, opportunity, attachment)
What is attachment?