Macronutrients
Marcus wants quick energy right before stepping onto the basketball court, so he eats an orange.
What type of carbohydrate is providing him with this fast-absorbing sugar?
What is a simple carbohydrate (or simple sugar / fructose)?
Taylor picks up a box of crackers at the store and notices the label claims "Less than 0.5g of fat per serving".
What official nutrient claim term is permitted on this package?
What is "Fat Free"?
Jordan goes for a steady 45-minute jog around his neighborhood while keeping his heart rate and breathing elevated continuously.
What category of exercise is this long-duration, oxygen-using workout?
What is aerobic exercise?
An elderly patient trips, falls, and fractures her hip easily because years of low calcium intake made her bones brittle and weak.
What bone disease causes this loss of bone density?
What is osteoporosis?
Elena gets standard daily sunlight exposure, allowing her body to manufacture a vital nutrient naturally without eating food.
What vitamin is produced when skin is exposed to sunlight?
What is Vitamin D?
Sarah eats a bowl of brown rice and black beans for lunch. Neither item is a complete protein by itself, but together they supply every single essential amino acid.
What specific type of protein source are plant foods like rice and beans when eaten individually?
What is an incomplete protein?
Alex is an adult who stands 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 225 pounds. His calculated Body Mass Index (BMI) comes out to 32.3.
According to medical guidelines, what weight category does a BMI over 30 place Alex in?
What is Obesity (or obese)?
During gym class, Mia performs a wall sit where her leg muscles contract hard, but her joints do not move at all.
What specific type of muscle contraction exercise is Mia performing?
What is an isometric exercise?
While playing soccer, Emma turns her ankle awkwardly and tears the fibrous connective tissue holding her ankle bones together.
What tissue band did Emma damage?
What is a ligament?
A student drinks 4 cups of coffee while studying for an exam and notices they need to use the restroom constantly, feeling sluggish afterward.
Why is plain water recommended over caffeinated beverages to stay properly hydrated?
Caffeine promotes fluid loss (acts as a diuretic), making plain water better for overall hydration.
Jason is preparing to run a full 26.2-mile marathon this weekend. For three days leading up to the race, he drastically increases his pasta intake while resting his legs.
What is the name of this dietary strategy?
What is carbohydrate loading?
A snack commercial advertises a fruit drink that guarantees you will lose 10 pounds in 3 days without changing your exercise routine.
What term describes popular, short-term diets like this that promise fast results without proper regard for nutrition?
What is a Fad Diet?
Carlos wants to increase his workout routine from 2 days a week to 4 days a week, and from 20 minutes per session to 40 minutes.
Which two letters of the F.I.T.T. principle is Carlos modifying?
What are Frequency and Time?
A teenager playing video games for 6 hours a day without taking breaks develops severe wrist pain from repeating the same thumb movement millions of times.
What painful condition, caused by overuse of tendons, is the teenager suffering from?
What is tendonitis?
David is practicing football in high heat for 90 minutes. He sweats heavily, causing his body to lose vital mineral ions needed for his nerve and muscle function.
What are these essential dissolved minerals in bodily fluids called?
What are electrolytes?
Maya eats a dinner that contains far more carbohydrates than her body can burn or store as glycogen.
Into what substance will her body store this excess intake over time?
What is fat?
Two friends eat the exact same meal. Friend A burns 1,800 calories at rest, while Friend B burns 1,400 calories at rest because Friend A has significantly more muscle mass.
What term measures the rate at which your body uses energy while completely at rest?
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
An athlete completes a 100-meter sprint lasting only 11 seconds. Their heart and lungs cannot deliver oxygen fast enough to meet the instant demand.
What type of intense physical activity is this?
What is anaerobic exercise?
During a football game, a player's shoulder bone is forced completely out of its normal joint socket.
What skeletal injury occurred?
What is dislocation?
A person believes that taking 10 multi-vitamin pills a day will make them extra healthy, but ends up in the emergency room
What is the danger of taking excessive doses of dietary supplements?
Supplement overdose (toxicity) leads to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, joint pain, and hair loss.
A patient goes to the doctor and learns that heavy waxy deposits called plaque are narrowing their arteries, increasing their risk of a heart attack.
What is this waxy substance called?
What is cholesterol?
You check a yogurt container in your fridge. It displays a date next to the text "Best if Used By 10/12/26".
Does this open-dating term mean the product is unsafe to eat on 10/13, or is it an indicator of peak flavor/quality?
What is an indicator of peak quality/flavor (not safety)?
Liam hasn't worked out in 10 days. He notices he gets tired much faster when climbing stairs compared to two weeks ago.
True or False: Cardiorespiratory fitness levels begin dropping after just one week of complete inactivity.
What is true?
Inside the human skeleton, red blood cells are constantly being produced to replace old ones.
In what specific bone tissue/space does blood cell production occur?
What is red bone marrow (or bone marrow)?
An athlete eats blueberries and oranges to help protect their healthy cells from cellular damage caused by aging and exercise stress.
What substance group (which includes Vitamin C and E) protects healthy cells from this damage?
What are antioxidants?