structure of nephron
what are the arteries that run along the proximal and distal tubules, and the loop of Henle respectively?
peritubular capillaries, vasa recta
what are the parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
macular densa
extraglomerular mesangial cells
granular juxtaglomerular cells
what happen to smooth muscle cells when RAAS is activated?
vasoconstriction
what system in the kidneys is responsible for fluid regulation
RAAS
in which parts of the tubules can water re-absorption not occur?
thin and thick ascending limbs of loop of Henle
how does the myogenic mechanism work?
increased arterial pressure causes Ca+ channels in arteriole smooth muscle cells to stretch, allowing Ca+ influx, causing the smooth muscle cells to contract and constrict arterioles
this can also happen oppositely for decreased arterial pressure
where does vasopressin act in the nephron?
collecting duct
what is the role of vasopressin?
increases expression of aquaporins to increase permeability to water
what is the order of the tubules from most proximal to distal?
bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle (thin descending limb, thin ascending limb, thick ascending limb), distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, collecting duct
how does the tubulogolmerular feedback work?
increased GFR, increases tubular flow rate past the macular densa, which sends paracrine signals to the afferent arteriole, causing it to constrict and decrease GFR
what is the role of aldosterone?
binds to mineralocorticoid receptor, goes to nucleus and increases transcription of proteins that are required for protein reabsorption
where is the Na+ pump and where is the Na+/K+ pump in the epithelial cell
Na+= luminal
Na+/K+ = basolateral