Kinesiology Foundations
This term describes the movement of bones that we can observe, such as shoulder flexion or knee extension.
What is osteokinematics?
These neurons carry sensory information toward the CNS.
What are afferent neurons?
The cervical spine contains this many vertebrae.
What is 7?
These three bones form the shoulder complex.
What are the scapula, clavicle, and humerus?
Name the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff.
What are supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis?
Reaching forward to pick up a cup is considered this type of kinetic-chain movement because the hand is free to move.
What is open-chain movement?
The brain and spinal cord make up this division of the nervous system.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
This gel-like inner portion of an intervertebral disc is surrounded by the annulus fibrosus.
What is the nucleus pulposus?
This shoulder joint is formed by the humeral head articulating with the glenoid fossa.
What is the glenohumeral joint?
This rotator cuff muscle contributes to internal rotation of the humerus.
What is the subscapularis?
A student performs shoulder abduction. Name the plane AND axis in which the movement occurs.
What are the frontal plane and sagittal/AP axis?
A patient has altered sensation over a specific area of skin associated with a spinal nerve root. This sensory distribution is called a _____.
What is a dermatome?
A client stands with the pelvis tilted forward and an exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar region. The OTA notices this posture while assessing the client’s standing alignment. What spinal curvature is being observed?
What is lordosis?
The trapezius and serratus anterior work together to produce this scapular movement when reaching for an item on a high shelf.
What is upward rotation?
During shoulder flexion MMT, the examiner observes that the client is unable to move against gravity. To continue assessing the muscle accurately, the client should be placed in this type of testing position.
What is a gravity-reduced or gravity- eliminated position?
During elbow flexion with a dumbbell, the biceps applies force between the elbow joint and the weight in the hand. This is this class of lever.
What is a third-class lever?
A patient cannot abduct the shoulder effectively following damage to a terminal branch of the brachial plexus. This peripheral nerve should be suspected.
What is the axillary nerve?
A herniated intervertebral disc compresses a spinal nerve root, producing radiating pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. This condition is called _____.
What is radiculopathy?
After approximately the first 30° of shoulder elevation, the scapula and humerus move in this ratio during normal scapulohumeral rhythm.
What is 1:2 scapula-to-humerus?
If you are squeezing a towel between your arm, what type of contraction is that?
Isometric
Two people lift the same object, but one holds it close to the body while the other holds it farther away. The second person requires more muscular force because increasing this distance increases torque.
What is the moment arm?
A client can feel an object placed in the hand but cannot identify what the object is without looking at it. This sensory ability is impaired.
What is stereognosis?
A client has difficulty moving food from the mouth toward the pharynx using voluntary tongue movement. Which phase of swallowing is primarily affected?
What is the oral transit phase?
A client demonstrates scapular winging during overhead reaching. Weakness of this muscle would most directly explain the problem.
What is the serratus anterior?
Which muscle originates on the medial one-third of the clavicle and inserts on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove?
Pectoralis major, clavicular portion