Functional Groups
-OH functional group attached a carbon with two alkyl groups on either side
Secondary alcohol
Type of reaction from alkane to haloalkane
Substitution
Symbol for solubility product
Ks
[H3O+] = _______
10-pH
Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from the outer shell of one mole of gaseous atom
First ionisation energy
-NH2 functional group
Amine
Type of reaction from primary alcohol to aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Oxidation
MgCl2 type solid
AB2
pH + pOH = ____
14
Atomic radii _______ across a period and _______ down a group
Decreases, increases
R-X functional group
Haloalkane
Reagent needed reduce ketone to secondary alcohol
NaBH4 (in basic conditions)
AB2 and A2B calculation of Ks
Ks = 4s3
pKa = _______
-log Ka
Weak intermolecular forces between ALL molecules
van der Waal's forces (or temporary dipole-dipole forces)
R-COCl functional group
Acyl chloride
Reagent AND conditions required to perform addition conversion from alkene to alkane
Heat with H2, Ni or Pt catalyst
If Qs < Ks, ppt will....
Not form
Ka expression
Ka = [A-] [H3O+] / [HA]
The enthalpy change when one mole of substance is formed from its individual elements in standard conditions
Standard enthalpy of formation
R-CHO functional group
Aldehyde
Name of process where triglyceride (fat/oil) is converted to sodium salts of fatty acids + propan-1,2,3-ol
Saponification (or hydrolysis under alkaline conditions)
Solubility of one salt is reduced by adding an ion that is already present in solution
Common ion effect
Region on titration curve where acid/base conjugate pair are in roughly equal concentrations
Buffer zone
The sublimation of NH4NO3 from solid to gas is an ENDOTHERMIC reaction. Therefore the entropy of the system _______ and the entropy of the surroundings _________.
Increases, decreases