Potassium
What is the normal range of potassium
3.5-5.0
What is the normal range of sodium?
136-145
What is the normal range of magnesium
1.8-2.6
What is the normal range of calcium?
9-10.5
Make up between 55% and 70% of the normal total WBC.
Neutrophils
What is the effect of low serum potassium levels on the excitability of the cell?
Low potassium levels reduce the excitability of cells
Increased confusion, lethargy, limp muscles are signs of _______
Hyponatremia
Where is magnesium stored in the body?
Bones and cartilage
A common indicator of this calcium imbalance is a report of frequent, painful muscle spasms ("charley horses")
Hypocalcemia
Phagocytosis is the inflammatory function
Macrophage
About 80% of potassium is removed from the body by what organ?
Kidneys
This risk increases when sodium levels become very low
Seizures, coma or death
Name a function of magnesium in the body.
Important for:
Skeletal muscle contraction
carbohydrate metabolism
generation of energy stores
blood coagulation
health and maintenance of cardiac muscle
Contraction of facial muscles with light tap over the facial nerve is called ___________ signs.
Chvostek's
Formed in bone marrow. When activated they stick to injured blood vessel walls.
Platelets
Name a treatment for hyperkalemia.
Potassium restricted diet
Dialysis
Kayexalate
Fluid restriction may be ordered for what type of sodium imbalance?
Hyponatremia
The patient with this magnesium imbalance may have increased deep tendon reflexes.
Hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
Maintains the osmotic pressure of the blood, preventing the plasma from leaking into the tissues
Albumin
What organ is sensitive to changes in serum potassium.
Heart
Diabetes Insipidus is a cause of this type of sodium imbalance.
Hypernatremia
With this magnesium imbalance patients may be drowsy or lethargic.
Hypermagnesemia
Name a tissue that is affected most by hypercalcemia
Heart
Skeletal muscles
Nerves
Intestinal smooth muscles
Name the 3 sequential processes that result in blood clotting.
Platelet aggregation with platelet plug formation, the blood clotting cascade, and the formation of a complete fibrin clot.