Vocabulary
A work stoppage, caused by the mass refusal of employees to work
Strike
1st Major Strike in the U.S. in which President Hayes sent troops to put down in favor of the business owners.
Railroad Strike of 1877
When was the Knights of Labor organized?
1869
When was the AFL organized?
1886
A process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights for workers.
Collective Bargaining
This Knights of Labor strike in 1886 started in order to move to an eight-hour workday, but it was ended after an anarchist threw a pipe bomb at the police killing several officers.
Haymarket Riot.
Who were members of the Knights of Labor?
Anyone regardless of race or gender.
Who was the first leader of the AFL?
Samuel Gompers
An association of workers united as a single, representative entity to improve the economic status and working conditions of employees through collective bargaining with company management.
Organized Labor
This strike started because Henry Frick cut worker's wages at Carnegie Steel in 1892. After Carnegie Steel hires scabs (nonunion replacement workers), radicals get into a shootout with Pinkertons (private security force known for breaking strikes) and attempt to assassinate Frick.
Homestead Strike
What type of pressure did the Knights of Labor use to achieve their goals?
Political such as protests and violence.
Who were members of the AFL?
Skilled workers only
Social and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources.
Socialism
This strike started in 1894 after Pullman Car Company cut the wages of workers by 25% to 40%. Federal government intervened on the side of the business using troops and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Newspapers accounts favor the workers and public opinion shifts to favor the strike.
Pullman Strike
What were the three goals of the Knights of Labor?
1. 8 hour workday
2. Equal pay for women and minorities.
3. End child labor
What was the type of pressure used by the AFL to achieve their goals?
Economic such as strikes and boycotts.
The first important national labour organization in the United States, founded in 1869.
Knights of Labor
Who called for a boycott of the railroads during the Pullman Strike and was thrown in jail for his work with the strikers.
Eugene Debs
What caused the decline of the Knights of Labor?
The violence of the Haymarket Riot.
Why was the AFL more successful in achieving their goals of improved working conditions and greater wages than the Knights of Labor?
They specifically tried to stay away from violence as a tactic and used the press (newspapers) to their advantage.