Labs & Electrolyes

Na

100

This sodium imbalance causes cellular edema and can rapidly lead to brain herniation.  

Hyponatremia

200

This condition causes dilutional hyponatremia due to excess ADH.

SIADH

SIADH → water retention → low sodium.

300

This IV fluid treats severe symptomatic hyponatremia

3% hypertonic saline

400

This sodium imbalance causes cellular dehydration and LOC changes leading to coma.

Hypernatremia

500

Name one disease that causes hypernatremia due to excess sodium or water loss.

Cushing’s, DI, or hyperaldosteronism

K

100

This is the normal potassium range

3.5–5.0 mEq/L?

200

This is the most common cause of hyperkalemia

Renal failure

300

This medication stabilizes cardiac membranes during hyperkalemia.

IV calcium gluconate

400

This potassium imbalance causes paralytic ileus and constipation.

Hypokalemia

500

Name two treatments that shift potassium back into cells.  

insulin + dextrose and albuterol

Ca & Phos

100

This electrolyte has an inverse relationship with calcium

Phosphorus?

200

These two physical signs indicate hypocalcemia

Chvostek and Trousseau

300

This calcium imbalance causes kidney stones and depressed reflexes.

Hypercalcemia

400

This electrolyte imbalance is common in renal failure due to inability to excrete it.

Hyperphosphatemia

Renal cannot excrete phosphorus

500

This IV medication treats severe hypocalcemia.

IV calcium gluconate

used for tetany/seziures

Mg

100

Normal magnesium range.

1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L

200

This imbalance causes decreased deep tendon reflexes and warm, flushed skin.

Hypermagnesemia

Mg depresses neuromuscular actvity

300

This imbalance resembles hypocalcemia and causes tremors and seizures.

Hypomagnesemia

400

This medication reverses the effects of hypermagnesesmia.

IV calcium gluconate

500

Name one cause of hypomagnesemia.

ETOH use, diarrhea, malabsorption, or PPI therapy. 

Kidney Labs & Conditons

100

This lab rises when kidney function declines and is more accurate than BUN.

Creatinine

200

This AKI phase has urine output <400 mL/day.

Oliguric phase

300

This CKD stage has a GFR <15 requires dialysis.

Stage 5

400

This is the most common cause of CKD.

Diabetic Nephropathy

500

This pediatric condition has the hallmark of massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia.

Nephrotic Syndrome