Unit 1 The How & Why of Physical Sciences
Medical condition caused by toxic levels of lead in the blood.
What is lead poisoning?
The number of protons in an atom of this isotope: chlorine-35
What is 17?
a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron
What is an orbital?
a class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
What are metals?
The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
What is chemistry?
In order to conduct a successful investigation, this step is necessary to get the needed information about what happened. It usually involves witnesses.
What is asking questions of those involved?
This explains the difference between carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14?
What is varying numbers of neutrons?
The shape of this orbital type is "dumbbell".
What is a p orbital?
This periodic table family (group) contains elements known as "salt formers". They are highly reactive due to having seven valence electrons. Lastly, some are gases at room temperature.
What are the halogens?
This electron configuration represents a certain element. 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
What is sodium?
Determine if the following question is higher-order or lower order: How do the atoms of metals interact upon the formation of an alloy, such as bronze?
What is higher order?
The nuclear process that takes place when atoms slam together and form a larger atom. Massive amounts of energy are given off in the process. It takes place in stars.
What is nuclear fusion?
You have known flame colors as follows: copper = green, strontium = red, potassium = purple, calcium = orange/yellow. Police are investigating an unknown substance from a crime scene to determine if it contains certain metals. Upon using a flame test, you get a green flame. What metal is likely contained in the sample?
What is copper?
This name is given to the model of metallic bonding, largely due to the presence of delocalized electrons that zoom around the structure.
What is the sea of electrons? (Be able to choose the image for your exam!)
This model of the atom is a sphere, nothing more and nothing less.
What is the Dalton Model?
Multiply these two numbers and give your answer in scientific or standard notation. (3.5 x 104 km) x (2.0 x 105 km) Give your answer in kilometers squared (km2).
7.0 x 109 km2
This nuclear process takes place in nuclear power plants. Large atomic nuclei are split with neutrons. This produces massive amounts of energy, which can be captured as heat and turned into electricity.
What is nuclear fission?
The proper noble-gas (a.k.a. abbreviated) form electron configuration for arsenic.
What is [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3 ?
This alloy type is seen with bronze and brass. Metal atoms are replaced by atoms of an element of similar size.
What is substitutional alloy?
1) elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of same element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix together 4) atoms only change when mixed with other elements
What is Dalton's Atomic Theory?
Sally has 0.0045 kg of the white powder, magnesium oxide (MgO). Correctly show the setup for the conversion to grams.
0.0045 kg MgO x (1000g / 1 kg) =
Reference Information:
Alpha particles are stopped by paper.
Beta particles are stopped by plastic.
Gamma rays are stopped by concrete/steel/lead.
Prompt: You are hiding in a plastic hut after a nuclear strike from an enemy nation. This type of radiation will still get you and potentially make you ill.
What are gamma rays?
For main group elements (groups 1, 2, & 13 - 18), these orbitals hold the valence electrons. Both must be provided for full credit.
What are s and p?
These are the 4 main properties of a "typical" metal.
What are shiny (lustrous), malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity?
1. As you increase the carbon content of steel used for a samurai sword, the _______________ increases.
2. The downfall of increasing the carbon content in the steel is increasing ________________ of the sword.
What is 1. hardness and 2. brittleness?