Learning Misconceptions
This is the consensus of the research community regarding the existence of learning styles
What is classification as a myth (based on the lack of empirical evidence)
This is when one is at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one’s group.
What is stereotype threat?
Compared to novices, expert mental representations are more advanced in organization, making them more effective for this skill.
What is application?
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is proactive interference?
Theoretically, this procedure should create equivalence across study groups, allowing you to make assumptions about causality of the variable manipulated between the groups.
What is random assignment?
When you have this kind of incorrect prior knowledge, it can interfere with your ability to learn.
What are misconceptions?
This process, developed from a great deal of practice and experience, allows experts to use much less working memory than non-experts.
What is automatization?
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session.
What is the spacing effect?
This refers to being stuck on an object’s typical function, so not being able to consider other uses
What is functional fixedness?
Differences in sensory processing ability are an example of this type of difference.
What is learnER differences (as opposed to learnING differences)
This is the theory or belief people hold that suggests that we are limited by innate or predetermined abilities or potential for learning.
What is a fixed mindset?
This phenomena is sometimes seen by teachers who have high levels of content knowledge (and sometimes less pedagogical experience), resulting in their being unaware that they are assuming students have similar foundational knowledge and skills that they actually lack.
What is expert blind spot?
These can occur when inaccurate or incomplete information is repeatedly suggested to us that we then use to fill in our representation of a past event. For example, when someone tells you something in detail that happened to you (but didn't!) and you then form a representation of that event.
What are false memories?
When the states, operators, and/or constraints of a problem are unknown or vaguely specified it is referred to as this.
What are ill defined problems?
This is the ideal mindset or belief about intelligence for learning.
What is a growth mindset? (Also known as an incremental theory of intelligence - the belief that intelligence is NOT fixed and can change)
Beliefs about a negative group stereotype that one is a member of can have this type of effect on performance
What is negative
This is the characteristic of research that implies that it addresses an existing need or question in education.
What is applicable?
Any indication that learning has persisted over time.
What is memory?
This belief leads to teaching in specific ways based on the belief that individuals learn best with specific types of materials, activities, or methods, despite scientific evidence showing that it is a myth
What is the belief or theory of learning styles?
The most important step in becoming an expert in something.
What is practice? (and the practice needs to be effective - usually requires a highly effective coach and strong metacognitive skills, discipline, and commitment)
Least effective for learning, examples of this level of engagement include listening or watching.
What is passive engagement?
This refers to using solutions that have worked in the past, even if others are better
What is using one's mental set?