Glycolysis
to produce energy (2 ATP) both aerobically and anaerobically
NAme that GSD
Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency in chromosome 17.
Affects liver, kidney and intestine;
Severe fasting hypoglycemia
Von Gierke’s disease (Type-1a)
During Digestion we convert ( Fillin the blanks)
Convert _______ to ________
Convert polymers to monomers
Fill in the Blank
______ nitrogen balance occurs when the protein breakdown exceeds the use of protein for building molecules eg. infection, injury, burns, depression, starvation.
Negative nitrogen balance occurs when the protein breakdown exceeds the use of protein for building molecules eg. infection, injury, burns, depression, starvation.
Why is LDL more dangerous for the human body?
High plasma cholesterol levels correlate to more atherosclerosis (clogging of arteries) and more deaths
What is the storage form of glucose ?
Glycogen
Name that GSD
Lysosomal α-glucosidase deficiency
Excessive glycogen in the lysosomes
General (heart, liver, muscle)
Cardiomegaly, early death
Enzyme replacement therapy available
Pompe’s disease (Type-II)
(the only lysosomal GSD)
This begins the breakdown process in the mouth?
Salivary amylase begins the breakdown process in the mouth
True or False
Complete proteins are found in eggs, milk, meat, fish.
Incomplete proteins are found in legumes (soybeans, kidney beans, lentils), nuts and seeds, grains cereals and vegetables.
TRUE
Complete proteins are found in eggs, milk, meat, fish.
Incomplete proteins are found in legumes (soybeans, kidney beans, lentils), nuts and seeds, grains cereals and vegetables.
What are essential fatty acids?
Essential fatty acids are cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Our cells cannot make them. We need essential fatty acids to make local hormones like, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc. Vegetable oils, fish oil are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
True or False
Nucleic acids & Cholesterol are energy sources.
Nucleic acids & Cholesterol are NOT energy sources
Name that GSD
glycogen phosphorylase (Skeletal muscle Myophosphorylase) deficiency
Block muscle glycogenolysis
Skeletal muscle affected
McArdle’s syndrome (Type-V)
What stops salivary amylases and causes stomach acid to kill bacteria ?
Low pH stops salivary amylases and causes stomach acid to kill bacteria
Ammonia is formed ?
from amino acids, glutamine, bacterial action in the intestine, amines, purines and pyrimidines.
One of these is NOT true of fatty acid-based lipids.
One of the incorrect options:
1. Source of energy (Best source)
2. Structural (part of cell membrane)
3. Insulator (sphingomyelin)
4. Cell Signaling (diacylglycerol or DAG)
5. Local hormones (prostaglandins, leukotrienes)
6. Reduce surface tension (lung surfactant)
Used in lungs to increase not reduce surface tension
Why can’t humans use cellulose as a source of energy?
Our digestive juices lack enzymes that can hydrolyze the β-glycosidic linkages found in cellulose, so although we can eat potatoes, we cannot eat grass.
Name that GSD
TReatment for this didease
Treatment: nocturnal gastric infusion of glucose or regular administration of uncooked cornstarch
Von Gierke’s disease (Type-1a)
True or False
Pancreatic α-Amylase breaks only down
Maltose, Lactose, Fructose
False
IsoMaltose, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
This disorder leads to tremors, slurring of speech, and blurring of vision?
Hyperammonemia (elevated levels of ammonia) leads to tremors, slurring of speech, and blurring of vision.
Importance of cholesterol: component of cell membranes; starting material for making bile acids, steroid hormones.
Rate-limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis, it generates
Generate glucose-1-phosphate from the terminal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond
Glycogen phosphorylase
Name that GSD
Temporary weakness and cramping
No lactate increase after exercise
Relatively benign and chronic
McArdle’s syndrome (Type-V)
True or False
True
Monosaccharaides (Glucose, galactose, fructose etc) are absorbed to the blood stream(insulin is not needed for absorption of glucose from small intestine)
Fill in the blank
Amino group (NH2) from most amino acid is removed via _________
Amino group (NH2) from most amino acid is removed via transamination
Fill in the Blank
Intestine uses dietary lipids to package
______ and releases them into blood.
Intestine uses dietary lipids to package chylomicrons and releases them into blood.