Terms Category
serves as a scaffold with intermediates linked to the sulfhydryl end
What is an Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)?
step 1: extends FA chain by 2 Carbons
What is a condensation reaction?
requires condensation of so many molecules of isopentenyl pyrophosphate because it is converted to squalene which is converted to this molecule
What is cholesterol?
acetyl CoA carboxylase
What is the key control point for FA synthesis?
ER enzymes that remove 2 hydrogen atoms to create double bonds; important for synthesis of prostaglandins (only pulls hydrogens)
What is a desaturase?
the ER is where the synthesis of this FA takes place
What is a very long chain FA?
converts kept group to hydroxyl group at C3
What is the reduction of the carbonyl group?
major carrier of cholesterol in the blood (greater proportion of lipids)
- also regulates de novo cholesterol synthesis
-labeled "bad cholesterol" as contributes to cholesterol build up
What is LDL?
inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase (opposite of insulin)
What is glucagon?
What is acetyl CoA?
generates trans double bond between C 2 and 3
What is the dehydration reaction?
-transports cholesterol back to the liver
-process known as reverse cholesterol transport
-labeled as "good cholesterol" as scavenges cholesterol from arteries
What is HDL?
generated from glycerol 3-phosphate and 2 FA; used in liver cytoplasm to form TAG; used in smooth ER to form phosphoglyceride
What is a phosphatidate?
this molecule is activated to synthesize a saturated odd chain FA
What is propionyl CoA?
generates single bond between C 2 and 3
What is the reduction of the double bond?
synthesis of this major class of lipid requires an activated sugar
What is a glycolipid?
precursor for sphingolipid and glycolipid; generated by reaction AA sphingosine with palmitoyl CoA
What is a ceramide?
humans lack the enzymes to alter saturated beyond this carbon
synthesizing FA is this type of process
What is an anabolic process?
-phosphatidic acid phosphatase plays a key role in different lipids synthesized based on its active or inactive status
-serine palmitoyltransferase and ceramics synthase play key roles in regulated sphingolipids and glycolipids