Test your luck....
Lipid Soluble hormones: Hormone ______ _______ + Hormone ______ _______ = Transcription of mRNA
Receptor Complex, Response Element
Question:
Put these events of hemostasis in the correct order:
Coagulation
platelet plug
vascular spasm
Vascular spasm ->platelet plug formation ->coagulation
* slow it-> plug it -> stabilize it
Pick 3 answers for lipid soluble hormone characteristics
A. Travels freely in blood
B. Travels bound to protein in blood
C. Easily crosses cell PM (non-polar)
D. Plasma Membrane receptor
E. Intracellular Receptor
B, C, E
A patient's blood pH drops below 7.35. Why is this medically dangerous for the molecules floating in their blood plasma?"
blood pH becomes too acidic and can cause denaturation of plasma proteins.
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs?
Left Atrium
A patient has a very low platelet count and struggles to form an initial platelet plug after vascular spasm initially controls bleeding, what condition could this patient have?
Thrombocytopenia
A patient with Type A blood receives incompatible Type B RBCs.
What causes the RBCs to clump?
Anti-B antibodies in the recipient's plasma bind to B antigens on the donor RBCs= leads to agglutination
ADH and Oxytocin are synthesized by the ________, and stored in the ______ ________ _______
Hypothalamus; Posterior pituitary gland
A patient's plasma albumin level becomes very low. What is the most likely consequence?
A. Increased oxygen transport
B. Decreased colloid osmotic pressure and increased fluid movement out of the blood
C. Increased hematocrit
D. Increased platelet production
B. Decreased Colloid osmotic pressure and increased fluid movement out of the blood
Organize the following terms of the cardiac conduction system, and label which one is the hearts natural pacemaker, and which one is a backup pacemaker.
AV bundle fibers
Left and right bundles
Purkinje fibers
SA Node
AV node
Atria
Ventricles
SA Node ->Atria-> AV Node -> AV Bundle Fibers -> left and right bundles ->Purkinje fibers -> ventricles
In water soluble hormones, the hormone is the ______ ________, then the hormone and the receptor activate the synthesis of the ________ _________, which is within the cell and modifies cellular activities.
First messenger, Second Messenger
A doctor injects a patient with standard doses of insulin, but the patient's cells show almost no change in how much glucose they absorb. This lack of response to external insulin is a classic sign of which condition?
Type 2 diabetes= insulin indipendent
A 19 year old patient states they have recently experienced rapid weight loss, heat intolerance, and an increase in metabolic rate, what is the most likely diagnosis of this patient and why?
Hyperthyroidism-> overproduction of thyroid hormone commonly caused by excessive thyroid stimulation.
A patient has a normal vascular spasm response but has a very low platelet count. After a small blood vessel injury, which outcome would be most likely?
A. Excessive vascular constriction
B. Difficulty forming the initial platelet plug
C. Increased production of fibrin
D. Increased red blood cell production
B. Difficulty forming the initial platelet plug
A blocked blood vessel damages heart muscle much faster than a blocked vessel damages leg muscle. What explains this difference in how the heart handles oxygen shortages?
A) The heart needs a constant, uninterrupted supply of oxygen to make its energy.
B) The heart stores massive amounts of sugar to use as backup power.
C) The heart uses very little energy compared to other muscles.
D) The heart easily switches to non-oxygen energy sources.
A- heart needs aerobic respiration processes in order to function and is very sensitive to changes since it requires lots of energy to function correctly
During ventricular contraction, ventricular pressure rises.
What happens to the valves?
Atrioventricular valves ->
Semilunar valves ->
Atrioventricular valves close to prevent back flow into atria
Semilunar Valves open to allow blood to leave ventricles
A dehydrated patient has an unusually high hematocrit. Why can hematocrit increase even if the patient's Erythrocyte production has not increased?
Because plasma volume decreases, so Erythrocytes make up a greater percentage of the total blood volume.
A patient's target cells have fewer receptors for a particular hormone after prolonged exposure to high hormone levels. What has most likely occurred?
Down-regulation — the target cells have decreased receptor number/sensitivity.
A person is Rh−.
Does that automatically mean they already have anti-Rh antibodies?why??
No, because they would have to be exposed to Rh factor first in order to develop anti-Rh bodies
If a medical condition causes the hearts electrical signal to travel from the atria to the ventricles without any delay, what would be the result?
A) The ventricles would have less time to fill with blood before contracting.
B) The heart rate would instantly drop to zero.
C) Blood would flow backward into the lungs.
D) The atria would stop receiving blood from the veins.
A. ventricles would have less time to fill with blood before contracting-> less blood pumped to the body
A patient has unusually high levels of thyroid hormone. Which response would you expect from the hypothalamus and pituitary?
A. Increased stimulation of the thyroid gland
B. Decreased stimulation of the thyroid gland
C. Increased production of RBCs
D. Increased release of insulin
B — Decreased stimulation of the thyroid gland
Negative Feedback- The final hormone helps shut down the pathway that stimulated its production.
A patient with prolonged high stress has chronically elevated cortisol levels. Doctors notice that their muscles are wasting away and their blood sugar levels remain high even when fasting. Based on cortisol's effects on target cells, what is happening to glucose uptake and protein breakdown to cause these symptoms?
Less glucose uptake since sugar remains high in blood, and more protein breakdown since muscles depend on protein to grow
When a biological system needs to rapidly amplify a signal to achieve a major physiological change or developmental milestone, how do target cells typically respond to the initial rise of the signaling hormone?
A) By down-regulating receptors to maintain strict homeostasis.
B) By up-regulating receptors to increase cellular sensitivity to the hormone.
C) By destroying existing receptors to prevent over-stimulation.
D) By decreasing hormone production within the target cell itself
B- This makes the tissue extra sensitive to the hormone, which amplifies the signal and allows the body to complete a major change
A patient had a traumatic injury and their total blood volume has gone down to 3.5L, if their survival response was effective, what would their autonomic sympathetic N.S. response be? Choose the correct options below:
A. Vasodialtion
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Decreased Heart Rate
D. Increased Heart Rate
E. Blood pressure maintained
F. Blood flow redirected to vital organs
B,D,E,F
A blood cell has just returned from the body and is carrying very little oxygen. Trace its pathway until it reaches the body again.
Start at Vena Cava->
Vena Cava -> RA -> Tricuspid -> RV -> Pulmonary Valve -> P Arteries -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins -> LA -> Mitral -> LV -> Aortic -> Aorta -> Body