Proteins
Provides structural components in hair, skin, wool and nails
Keratin
Most important and abundant steroid in the body
Cholesterol
Latin term "saccharides" meaning
Sugars
Disruption of bonds in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structures
Denaturation
Reduce fever and pain but have little anti-inflammatory effect (non-NSAIDs)
Aspirin substitutes (Tylenol/acetaminophen)
Transports oxygen throughout the body
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Lower the tendency of blood platelets to stick together, reducing the possibility of blood clots
Omega-3 fatty acids
Which organ regulates insulin production?
Pancreas
Triglycerides split into glycerol and three fatty acids
Hydrolysis
Sedatives in small doses or sleep inducers in large doses
Barbiturates
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins
Trypsin
Anabolic steroids are derivatives of this hormone
Testosterone
Sweet taste of honey comes from these 2 monosaccharides
D-Glucose & D-Fructose
Reaction of a fat with a strong base such as NaOH in the presence of heat (forms soaps)
Saponification
Type of painkiller obtained from a poppy plant
Morphine or codeine
Recognize and destroy foreign substances
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
Synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gallbladder
Bile salts
Condition resulting from missing enzyme needed to convert galactose to glucose
Galactosemia
D-Mannose (reactant) is converted to D-Mannitol (product)
Reduction
Bronchodilator in decongestants
Ephedrine (Pseudoephedrine/PSE)
Stores protein in milk
Casein
Regulates electrolytes and water balance by the kidneys
Aldosterone
The 3 "P's" of diabetes
Polyphagia (hunger); polydipsia (thirst) & polyuria (urination)
Double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids react with hydrogen gas to produce carbon–carbon single bonds
Hydrogenation
Relief of itching and pain from skin irritations and rashes
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)