VOCABULARY
"Homozygous" means the two alleles are the ______.
What is same.
A type of nutrient molecule our bodies need. It does jobs and builds structures in the body.
What is protein.
In a normal karyotype, chromosomes come in ____.
Which is the BIGGEST?
Choices: gene / chromosome / cell
What is cell.
Genotype or phenotype? "Heavily muscled"
What is Phenotype
A mutation can be HELPFUL or HARMFUL.
Name ONE more thing a mutation can be.
What is Neutral (no effect)
The two proteins in muscle cells that slide past each other to make muscles move.
What is actin & myosin.
Egg and sperm cells have ____ the number of chromosomes as regular body cells.
What is half.
Genes carry the instructions for making ______.
What is protein.
Why can brothers and sisters look different?
What is each parent passes alleles randomly
The different versions of a gene.
What is allele.
When a muscle contracts (squeezes), does it get SHORTER or LONGER?
What is shorter.
The last pair in a karyotype has one large X and one small Y chromosome. Is the animal male or female?
A calf's myostatin protein works normally. What size will its muscles be?
What is typical.
Ee x ee. What is the chance of a heavily muscled (EE) calf?
What is 0%.
The protein that tells muscles to stop growing.
What is myostatin
Bigger muscles have (more / fewer) muscle cells, and the cells are (bigger / smaller).
What is more/bigger
Sheep have 27 PAIRS of chromosomes. How many total/
What is 54.
What is the difference between a GENE and an ALLELE?
What is a gene is the instructions for a protein (like the muscle size). An allele is a version of a gene.
Drawing a the Punnett square for Ee x Ee. What percentage is EE?
What is 25%
A calf's parents are both HETEROZYGOUS for the muscle gene. Write BOTH of their genotypes.
What is Ee & Ee.
"If a person lifts weights, then their muscles will get ______."
What is bigger
Name TWO things a scientist can learn from looking at a karyotype.
What is:
How many chromosomes the organism has
If the organism is male or female (XX or XY)
If the karyotype is normal or abnormal (extra or missing chromosomes)
That chromosomes come in pairs of different sizes
A mutation changes an allele so the protein it makes doesn't work. Explain how that could change a trait.
What is allele makes a broken protein, the protein can't do its job, and that changes the trait
ex) like myostatin not stopping muscle growth
A calf is ee. Its mom is Ee. What could the dad's genotype be? (There are TWO possible answers.)
What is Ee or ee.