DNA
What is DNA?
makes up genes for all living things
What is a protein?
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms
What is the amino acid codon wheel
An amino acid codon wheel is a useful tool to find which amino acid is translated from your RNA sequence.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are said to produce messenger RNA (mRNA).
What is translation?
translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acid's during protein synthesis.
what structure dose DNA have?
double helix, base and side units
What are the step to make a protein?
1. transcription DNA-RNA
2. translation RNA-PROTEIN (chain of amino acids)
True or false all codon codes are used for an amino acid?
false
Not all codons code for an amino acid. Some contain instructions instead (start/stop)
Transcription occurs in two major steps what are they?
transcription DNA-RNA
Translation occurs in two major steps what are they?
mRNA is translated into a new protein
What is DNA made up of?
nucleotides are the basic units of DNA, a phosphate, a nitrogen base, a sugar
Blank is linked to a form of a protein, what is it?
the amino acids
What is an anticodon?
a series of 3 nucleotides that are the compliment of the codon
Transcription STARTS with what molecule and ENDS with what molecule?
starts: RNA polymerase
ends: termination
Translation STARTS with what molecule and ENDS with what molecule?
Start: Translation begins when a ribosome binds to an mRNA strand and an initiator tRNA.
Ends: Translation ends when a stop codon on the mRNA strand reaches the A site in the ribosome.
What are the DNA's four nitrogen bases?
thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine
What dose a STOP codon in protein indicate?
indicates that protein production stops at that point, UAG, UUA, and UGA
Which amino acid corresponds to the start codon?
start:(AUG) or (MET)
What are the steps of transcription?
1. Enzymes unzip the DNA molecule
2.Free RNA nucleotides pair with their complimentary DNA base pairs
3. When base pairing is complete, the mRNA molecule breaks away (the DNA strand rejoins, mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome.)
What are the steps of translation?
1. begins when an mRNA binds to a free light ribosomal subunit.
2. A transfer RNA molecule then brings the first amino acid to the light subunit of the ribosome. 3.
3.Protein factors join this assemblage and then the heavy ribosomal subunit binds to complete initiation.
How dose the base pairing work in DNA? And what are is a group of three bases called?
the bases pair up with bases on another strands
a group of three bases is called a "codon" codons codes for amino acids.
What are the three main major roles of proteins?
Speeds up chemical reaction out of cell -transports small molecules in and out of cells -helps form cell membranes and organelle's!
Translate Amino: Met-Leu-Met-Asn- Met- Arg -STOP to mRNA!
MRNA:AUG-UUA-AGU-AAC-AUG-CGU-UUA
What was the DNA that would create the mRNA?
DNA: TAC-AAT- TCA- TTG- ACA- AAT
what MRNA would create the amino acids Met-Leu-Met-Asn- Met- Arg? Translate it!
Met- AAU
Leu-UUG
Asn- AUC
Arg- AGA