Bacteria Basics
Viruses
Bacteria Anatomy
Bacteria Reproduction
Stuff to Know
100
Name one way bacteria can be beneficial.
1. It lives in the soil to create usable nitrogen for plants.
2. Bacteria help make foods like yogurt and salami.
3. Bacteria decompose waste into useful nutrients.
4. Bacteria lives in our body to help us survive!
100
A virus is a cell. True or False
False
100
The whiplike "tail" which bacteria use to move is called what?
Flagella
100
Bacteria reproduce through
binary fission
100
A _____________ virus is a virus that remains inactive inside a cell for months or even years before activating.
latent
200
What is this a picture of?
spherical shaped bacteria
200
What is the virus structure labelled #1?
capsid
200
Like all cells, bacteria have a _______________. It separates the inside of the cell from the outside world and controls what gets in and out of the bacteria.
cell membrane
200
Describe what is happening in step 2.
DNA is replicated.
200
An ______________ virus is one that immediately begins destroying cells once the host is infected.
active
300
What is this picture of?
rod shaped bacteria
300
What is the viral structure labelled #2?
DNA
300
DNA is suspended in the cytosol of a bacteria. It is not contained in a nucleus. True or False
True
300
What is happening in step 3?
Cell membrane pinches together two form two new cells.
300
Kingdom ____________ are also prokaryotes, but their cell walls are different, and some of their genes are more like eukaryotes than prokaryotes.
Archaea
400
What is this a picture of?
spiral shaped bacteria
400
Put these steps of viral reproduction in order.
A. The viral nucleic acid uses the cell's own cellular machinery to make more virus.
B. The virus attaches to the host cell.
C. The virus destroys the cell by bursting out, or it lies in wait being copied into the daughter cells of the host cell until it's activated.
D. The virus injects its nucleic acid into the host.
B - D - A - C
400
Viruses cannot reproduce on their own. A virus must infect a cell in another organism, called the ___________ cell.
host
400
What is happening in step 4?
Two identical bacteria cells are formed.
400
Archaea are most well-known for living where?
In extreme environments like hot springs.
500
All bacteria do not contain a nucleus and therefor are called ________________________.
Prokaryotes
500
Handwashing for at least _____ seconds while singing the "Happy Birthday" song in your head (or out loud for all to hear, your choice) is a great and effective tool against getting infected with a virus.
20
500
____________ are small, often circular strands of DNA that are separate from the main chromosome.
plasmids
500
If bacteria are struggling to survive, they can form _________________, a tough case that holds the DNA and can survive harsh conditions that would otherwise kill the bacteria.
endospores
500
What are 3 ways viral illnesses can be prevented?
Good hygiene (handwashing), healthy living (eating healthy foods and exercising), and getting vaccinated (Some people might disagree, but you can ask your parents what they think.)