CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
MIXED CONDTIONALS
SENTENCE INVERSIONS
ADVANCED REPORTED SPEECH
EMPHASIS "IT"
as a subject/object
100

You can borrow my car __________ you return it by 8 p.m.

A) if anything
B) as long as
C) if any
D) but for


AS LONG AS

100
  • She ignored the specialist's advice last year.
  • She is still suffering from the injury now.


If she had followed/hadn't ignored the specialist's advice last year, she wouldn't still be suffering from the injury now.

100

The lecture was so engaging that nobody noticed the time passing.

So engaging was the lecture that nobody noticed the time passing.

100

The defendant said:
"Yes, I altered the documents."

The defendant admitted altering the documents.

100

Sarah discovered the error in the financial report. Emphasize on the subject.

It was Sarah who discovered the error in the financial report.

200

__________ the heavy rain, the match would have taken place.

A) Assuming that
B) If any
C) But for
D) If in doubt

BUT FOR

200
  • He is extremely meticulous.
  • He didn't make any mistakes in the report yesterday.

If he weren't so meticulous, he would have made mistakes in the report yesterday.

200

A group of exhausted hikers came into the shelter.

INTO THE SHELTER CAME A GROUP OF EXHAUSTED HIKERS.

200

The athlete said:
"I didn't take any prohibited substances."

The athlete denied taking/having taken any prohibited substances.

200

The committee rejected the second proposal. Emphasize on the object.

It was the second proposal that the committee rejected.

300

here were very few mistakes, __________, in the final report.

A) if any
B) but for
C) assuming that
D) if in doubt

IF ANY

300
  • The company failed to invest in new technology five years ago.
  • It is struggling to compete today.

If the company had invested in new technology five years ago, it wouldn't be struggling to compete today.

300

Employees must not disclose confidential information to third parties. 

Under no circumstances must employees disclose confidential information to third parties.

300

The journalist said to a company:
"You deliberately concealed the information."

The journalist accused the company of deliberately concealing the information.

300

She resigned because of the lack of professional support.

It was because of the lack of professional support that she resigned.

400

The new policy has not improved productivity; __________, it has made the situation worse.

A) on condition that
B) if any
C) as long as
D) if anything

IF ANYTHING

400
  • The government failed to diversify its energy supply over the past decade.
  • It is currently vulnerable to fluctuations in global energy prices.

If the government had diversified its energy supply over the past decade, it wouldn't be so vulnerable to fluctuations in global energy prices now.

400

The CEO finished speaking, and immediately the shareholders began asking questions. 

No sooner had the CEO finished speaking than the shareholders began asking questions.

400

"Inflation is likely to remain high."    (Economist)

(argument)

The economist's argument was that inflation was likely to remain high.

400

The media overlooked several key findings in the report. (Give 2 possible answers.)

It was small businesses that the economic crisis affected most severely.

It was the economic crisis that affected small businesses most severely.

500

The witness's testimony did little to clarify the circumstances surrounding the incident; __________, it raised further questions.

A) if anything
B) if any
C) on condition that
D) as long as

IF ANYTHING

500
  • She didn't spend years cultivating professional relationships.
  • She isn't in a position to influence the decision now.

(inverted style)

Had she not spent years cultivating professional relationships, she wouldn't be in a position to influence the decision now.

500

We should not ignore these warning signs under any circumstances.

Under no circumstances should we ignore these warning signs.

500

The minister insisted:
"The reforms are essential."

Use: insistence

The minister expressed his insistence that the reforms were essential.

500

Public concern forced the company to alter its policy. 

Give two possible answers.

It was public concern that forced the company to alter its policy.

It was the company that public concern forced to alter its policy.

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