APGAR Scores
What is the purpose of an infant to undergo and APGAR assessment?
To determine how well the baby tolerated the birth process and how they're adjusting outside the womb.
What does the acronym SIDS stand for?
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
In medical terms only.... if a set of twins, 1 boy, 1 girl is born, what is this called?
Dizygotic also known as fraternal.
Explain the theory of nurture versus nature.
Nurture: Parenting styles, the environment, trauma, and social interactions affect or influence a person's personality.
Nature: Genetics and the brain's structure drives a person's personality.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs, 46 total
What does the acronym APGAR stand for?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, & Respiration
What does the term 'visual acuity' mean?
A person's clarity of vision.
Describe what a teratogen is your own words.
Any substance that can cross the placenta and disrupt fetal development, especially in the 1st trimester when the organs are developing.
Describe Freud's Psychodynamic Theory.
Patients with hysteria were encouraged to speak which uncovered past trauma, pain, & memories. Our behaviors and relationships are deeply rooted in our unconscious and conscious mind (the iceberg); such as childhood experiences and past conflicts.
What is the phase of life that has the most rapid growth throughout the lifespan?
Infancy
What is the total score that would be considered life-threatening after assessing a newborn?
3 or less.
Describe the difference between the following 2 terms:
1. Experience-expectant growth
2. Experience-dependent growth
1. Expectant is where the brain relies on experiences or stimulation to strengthen neural connections.
2. Dependent is where the brain modifies based on someone's experience.
What is known as not having enough oxygen and blood in the system?
Hypoxia
Describe in your own words the Lawton & Nahemow's Competence - Environmental Press Theory.
A person's behavior and happiness depends on balance between competence (or abilities) and demands of the environment (environmental press).
What is the protective fatty layer that wraps around and protects neurons?
Myelin or Myelin Sheath
Under the category 'Activity,' what is the APGAR score of an infant that has some flexion?
Score of 1
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Genotype: Complete set of genes one has inherited. Phenotype: Observable physical expression of genes. Physical, behavioral, and psychological. A combo of genotype and environmental.
What is known as having an extra copy of the 21st chromosome?
Down Syndrome
What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning in the Learning Theory: Behaviorism?
Operant: We learn through consequences and behaviors with favorable consequences are likely yo be repeated.
Classical: Learning occurs naturally like a reflex. (Pavlov).
What does the acronym EEC stand for in terms of measuring brain electrical activity?
Electroencephalography
List the APGAR scores for the 2 following descriptions:
1. Pulse is 100 - 140.
2. No stimulation to stimulation.
1. Score of 2
2. Score of 0
What is vernix and what is the purpose of it?
Greasy, watery, yellowish, fatty substance that covers a baby's skin after birth.
Purpose: Protect the skin from bacteria and/or infection.
What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous?
Homozygous: 2 of the same genes (dominant or recessive)
Heterozygous: 1 of each (dominant and recessive)
Describe the SOC Framework. And what are the 3 phases this framework occurs & describe them.
SOC or Selective Optimization with Compensation: Psychological framework that describes that we manage life and aging by focusing time and energy on what matters most, or your priorities.
Select (what's important?), Optimize (Resources or time & energy), & Compensate (alternative methods)
Describe the difference between proprioceptive and vestibular systems in sensory.
Vestibular: Awareness of where the head is in space.