Light Energy
This is the main source of energy that drives the light-dependent reactions.
What is light energy from the Sun?
This molecule is split during photolysis.
What is water (H₂O)?
The excited electrons move through this series of electron carriers.
What is the electron transport chain?
This molecule stores chemical energy produced during the light-dependent reactions.
What is ATP?
Photosystem II normally acts before this photosystem.
What is Photosystem I?
this green pigment absorbs light energy in the chloroplast
What is chlorophyll?
The splitting of water using light energy is called this
What is photolysis?
As electrons move through the electron transport chain, their energy is used to pump these ions across the thylakoid membrane.
What are hydrogen ions (H⁺)?
This molecule carries high-energy electrons and hydrogen to the Calvin cycle.
What is NADPH?
This process provides electrons to replace those lost from Photosystem II.
What is photolysis of water?
When chlorophyll absorbs light, its electrons move to this energy state.
What is an excited/high-energy state?
Name the three products formed when water undergoes photolysis.
What are H⁺ ions, electrons, and oxygen?
The accumulation of H⁺ ions creates this across the thylakoid membrane.
What is a proton/H⁺ concentration gradient?
The production of ATP using light energy is called this.
What is photophosphorylation?
This is the overall sequence: light excites electrons → electrons pass along carriers → H⁺ gradient forms → ATP is produced.
What is the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?
The structures in the chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions occur.
What are the thylakoid membranes?
This gas is released as a waste/by-product when water is split.
What is oxygen (O)?
H⁺ ions move through this enzyme to drive ATP production.
What is ATP synthase?
NADP becomes this molecule after accepting electrons and H⁺ ions.
What is NADPH?
These are the three important products associated with the light-dependent reactions.
What are ATP, NADPH, and oxygen?
These structures are stacks of thylakoids found inside chloroplasts.
What are grana?
These particles replace the electrons lost by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
What are the electrons from the photolysis of water?
The movement of H⁺ ions down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase is called this process.
What is chemiosmosis?
These two products of the light-dependent stage provide energy and reducing power for the Calvin cycle.
What are ATP and NADPH?
Put these events in the correct order:
A. ATP is produced
B. Chlorophyll absorbs light
C. NADPH is formed
D. Water is split
E. Electrons move through an electron transport chain
B → D → E → A → C