Sick and tired
hungry for more
Action and Reaction
ailments and ointments
wild card
100
The classic clinical triad of Wernicke encephalopathy?
What is mental status changes, ocular signs, ataxia
100
What is the difference between wet beriberi and dry beriberi?
Nervous system (dry beriberi): peripheral neuropathy, Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome. Cardiovascular (wet beriberi): edema, chest pain, increased heart rate (HR), lowered blood pressure (BP).
100
Calcidiol is hydroxylated to the active form, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) in the kidneys by this enzyme:
What is 1-α-hydroxylase
100
The most common presentation of vitamin A deficiency
What is night blindness
100
overuse of vitamin D supplements
What is hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and metastatic calcification (abnormal calcification of soft tissues)
200
Vitamin E is the generic descriptor for these two families of compounds
What is tocopherols and tocotrienols
200
Chronic alcoholism presents primarily with these 4 vitamin deficiencies
what is thiamine, pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin A
200
This vitamin exerts antioxidant properties by reacting with the lipid peroxide radicals formed by peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is Vitamin E
200
Vitamin K is an antagonist of this drug
What is warfarin
200
These population groups are at risk of being deficient in vitamin A- they are not necessarily sick.
What are Pregnant and lactating women. The most vulnerable group are premature infants and, in the developing countries, breastfed children of mothers who themselves are vitamin A deficient.
300
Irreversible brain damage due to thiamine deficiency is known as?
What is Korsakoff psychosis
300
Vitamin K is widely distributed in nature: name 4 sources There is also another way to produce vitamin K: name it
What is green leafy vegetables, fruits, dairy products, vegetable oils and cereals. Vitamin K is also produced by the intestinal microflora.
300
The clotting factors that Vitamin K activates:
What is - 4 pro-coagulants: clotting factors IX, X, VII, II - 2 anti-coagulants: protein C, protein S
300
This disease is characterized by soft pliable bones due to defective mineralization secondary to calcium deficiency and characteristic bowing of the leg bones
What is Rickets- Vitamin D deficiency
300
The way in which vitamin E is transported and transported
What is absorption from the diet in the small intestine with lipids, and there is no specific transport protein. It is packed into the chylomicrons and in the circulation it is associated with lipoproteins.
400
This compound undergoes a nonenzymic reaction on exposure to ultraviolet light, yielding previtamin D
What is 7-Dehydrocholesterol (an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol that accumulates in the skin)
400
This vitamin is toxic in excess, with symptoms including increased intracranial pressure, headaches, double vision, dizziness, bone and joint pains, hair loss, dermatitis, hepato­splenomegaly, and diarrhea and vomiting. It is virtually impossible to develop this vitamin toxicity by ingesting normal foods.
What is vitamin A
400
Vitamin K acts as a cofactor for this process:
What is the carboxylation of glutamate residues in the postsynthetic modification of proteins
400
Patients with severe fat malabsorption, cystic fibrosis, and some forms of chronic liver disease suffer deficiency because they are unable to absorb the vitamin or transport it, exhibiting nerve and muscle membrane damage.
What is Vitamin E
400
The release into the circulation of this marker provides an index of vitamin D status.
What is osteocalcin
500
A patient presents with angular stomatitis, dermatitis of the face, and a smooth purple tongue. Which vitamin deficiency is suspected?
What is Riboflavin (B2) ?
500
The liver of certain animals, particularly the bear, seal, walrus and moose contains excessive/toxic quantities of this vitamin.
What is Vitamin A
500
ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) are converted to a series of hydroxylated derivatives, in the liver to and then in the kidney, to the active compound
What is 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D 3; calcidiol)in the liver and 1α-,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH) 2D 3; calcitriol) in the kidney
500
This vitamin is used in the treatment of cancer- acute promyelocytic leukemia- Why?
What is Vitamin A Has effects on cell diff and induces maturation of leukemic cells
500
the mechanism through which Vitamin A has effects on cell differentiation and turnover
What is the binding of retinoic acid to nuclear receptors that bind to response elements of DNA and regulate the transcription of specific genes
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