Logical Fallacies
Attacking a person's character or personal traits instead of engaging with their actual argument .
Ad Hominem
A transition used to show a contract or a shift in ideas, similar to "but "
However
An appeal to the audience sense of reason using facts, data, and statistics
Logo
A comparison between two unlike things the word "like" or "as".
Simile
The simple act of using a word or phrase multiple times to make an idea stand out.
Repetition
Misrepresenting or exaggerating someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
Straw Man
A word used to direct result or consequence of the previous sentence
Therefore
An appeal to the audience's emotions, such as pity, anger, or fear.
Pathos
A direct comparison starting that one thing is another thing (The snow is a white blanket) .
Metaphor
The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in a row .
Alliteration
Presenting only two extreme options as the only possibilities, ignoring any middle ground.
False Dilemma
Used when adding a new point that support or expands on the current one.
Furthermore
A chart showing 20% increases in global temperatures over a decade is an example of this
Logos
Attributing human characteristics to non-human objects or animals .
Personification
When a person says the opposite of what they mean, often for sarcastic effect.
Verbal Irony
Arguing that a claim must be true or good simply because many people believe it or are doing it.
Bandwagon
A transition used to introduce a specific instance that illustrates a general point.
For example
Using a sad story about a rescued animals to encourage people to donate to a shelter .
Pathos
Language that appeal to the physical senses to create a mental picture for the reader.
Imagery
When audience knows a key piece of information that the characters in the story do not
Dramatic Irony
Claiming that a small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related ( and usually negative ) events.
Slippery Slope
In conclusion
An appeal to the speaker's authority, credibility, or moral, character .
Ethos
An intentional and extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or effect.
Hyperbole
When the actual result of a situation is the exact opposite of what was intended or expected
Situational Irony