Cirrhosis symptoms
Identify one neurologic symptom
Hepatic encephalopathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Asterixis
T Bili
increased (due to decreased bilirubin breakdown + excretion)
Hep A mode of transmission
Fecal-oral
Results when the liver is unable to convert increased ammonia to urea and therefore crosses the blood brain barrier causing neurotoxic effects
Hepatic encephalopathy
Blockage in the tubes (ducts) that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder
Biliary atresia
Identify 2 GI symptoms
Anorexia
Dyspepsia
N/V
Change in bowel habits/flatulence
Dull abdominal pain
Fetor hepaticus
Varices
Gastritis
Hematemesis
Hemorrhoidal varices
PT/INR
increased (due to decreased coagulation, decreased vitamin K)
Which Hepatitis doesn't currently have a vaccine?
Hepatitis C
A complex of tortuous, enlarged veins at the lower end of the esophagus - fragile + do not tolerate high pressure and bleed easily
Esophageal varices
Musty, sweet odor on patient's breath from accumulation of digestive by-products
Fetor hepaticus
Jaundice
Spider angioma
Palmar erythema
Purpura
Petechiae
Caput medusae
Increased (due to fluid + sodium retention)
When should the immunoglobulin (IG) for Hepatitis A be given?
Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or abdominal cavity
Ascites
Another term for jaundice
Icterus
Identify one hematologic symptom
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Coagulation disorders
Splenomegaly
K
increased (if Spironolactone - K+ sparing diuretic)
decreased (if too much aldosterone)
When should the immunoglobulin (IG) for Hepatitis B be given?
Within 24 hours of exposure
Obstruction of normal blood flow in portal vein resulting in increased venous pressure or increased resistance to blood flow through the liver
Portal hypertension
Flapping tremors involving arms and hands - characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy
asterixis
Identify one cardiovascular symptom
Fluid retention
Peripheral edema
Ascites
Bun/Cr
Increased (if hepatorenal syndrome)
or otherwise normal
Hepatitis B mode of transmission
Parenteral or mucosal (exposure to blood, sexual contact, perinatal transmission)
Portal hypertension causes renal vasoconstriction resulting in kidney failure
Hepatorenal syndrome
A chronic progressive disease of the liver with extensive parenchymal cell degeneration and destruction
cirrhosis