Logic Vocabulary
when the antecedent is true and the argument is valid, then the consequent will be true
What is Essential Law of Argumentation
The two Fallacies for Rule I in Rules of Validity
What are Fallacy of Four Terms and Fallacy of Equivocation?
Order of the enthymeme:
All roses are flowers, and some weeds are flowers.
What is 3rd Order?
The number of terms in a syllogism (think Rule I).
What is three and only three?
The four Rules one should ALWAYS apply when translating into a logical statement.
What are Rules A, B, C, and D?
concerned with the content of argumentation; deals with the truth of terms and propositions in an argument [study of the truthfulness of arguments]
What is Material Logic?
Rule E of Translation.
What is Change "only" or "none but" statements into A statements and switch the subject and predicate?
Order of the enthymeme:
Since collies are dogs, no collies are cats.
What is 1st Order?
Figure of
All logical premises are statements.
No logical premises are terms.
Therefore, some statements are not terms.
What is 3rd Figure?
Translation of
Only graduates may attend the ceremony.
What is
All persons who may attend the ceremony are graduates.
What is denied universally of a certain term is denied of every term that comes under that term
What is Dictum de Nullo?
Rule of Validity V
What is no conclusion can be drawn from two negative premises?
Order of the enthymeme:
Tests are assessments, and assessments are grades.
What is 3rd Order?
Mnemonic Name of:
Metaphors are figures of speech.
Figures of speech are literary devices.
Therefore, some literary devices are metaphors.
What is BRAMANTIP?
Translation of
No one really believes the world is flat.
What is
No person is a person who thinks the world is flat.
A syllogism that does not contain both of the necessary premises, or contains two premises, but is missing the consequent (conclusion).
What is Enthymeme
Violations in this syllogism:
Plots are structures.
Some plots are not sequential events.
Therefore, some structures are sequential events.
What is Rule VII, Fallacy of Drawing an Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise?
Order of the enthymeme:
Some poetry is an epic because epics are verse.
What is 2nd order?
Complete the syllogisms
All cheetahs are cats, but no cats are dogs
All cheetahs are cats
No cats are dogs
Therefore No dogs are cheetah?
Translation of
Some trees in the park lose their leaves early.
What is
Some trees in the park are trees that lose their leaves early.
(applies to subalterns: statements that share the same quality but differ in quantity): if the Universal is true, then the particular is true; if the particular is false, then the universal is false, otherwise nothing is known.
What is the Fourth Law of Opposition
Violations in this syllogism:
Some expressions are not similes.
Some metaphors are expressions.
Therefore, no metaphors are similes.
What is Rule III, Fallacy of Illicit Minor?
What is Rule IV, Fallacy of Undistributed Middle?
Order of the enthymeme:
Since some students are people who study every night, they are top achievers.
What is 1st Order
Create an enthymeme and the related syllogism utilizing this information: Terms: S = creatures, M = bats, P = mammals. Form: DARII. Keyword: Because.
What is:
Because all bats are mammals, Some creatures are mammals.
All bats are mammals.
Some creatures are bats.
Some creatures are mammals.
Translation of
Not all politicians are honest.
What is
Some politicians are not honest?