The study of the principles of correct reasoning
Logic
Doctors know a lot about medicine, so Dr. Roughead knows a lot about medicine.
Equivocation
I went to Texas and it rained every day.
It must rain everyday in Texas.
Hasty generalization
Mr. Roughead only plays games in class because he's a bad teacher
Abusive Ad hominem
A category of fallacy in which the argument has used words or phrases in a way that is confusing or vague
The philosophy of not letting your emotions rule you
Stoicism
Mother Nature doesn't like it when you litter
Reification
Jogging is good for the heart.
My mom just had heart surgery, so going jogging will be good for her recovery.
Sweeping generalization
Journalists only report on corrupt politicians because they're trying to make money
Circumstantial Ad hominem
A category of fallacy in which the argument has assumed something that is unproved or doubtful
Presumption
Something true and the same for all people
Objective
We should not speak ill of our friends
We should not speak ill of our friendsWe should not speak ill of our friends
Fallacy of accent
I tied my shoes and then it started raining.
Tying my shoes must have caused it to rain.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc. False cause Fallacy
Mr. Roughead believes in flying goats. Mr. Roughead is an expert in goat science. Therefore flying goats are real.
Appeal to Authority.
A category of fallacy in which the conclusion of the argument is not strongly relevant to the premises
Relevance
A truth claim which is either true or false
Proposition
"What kind of ice cream do you want?" -A
"Doesn't matter I like all the flavors" - B
Person A then puts all the flavors of ice cream into one bowl and offers it to Person B
Collective Error
No real teacher would ever play Jeopardy in class
No True Scotsman
Creationists do not believe that animals change. Animals clearly change, so Creationists are wrong.
Strawman
Excluded middle
A series of propositions, where each claim relies on the previous
An Argument
All motorcycles have two wheels - A
That's ridiculuous, even one motorcycle has two wheels, and there are 200 million more motorcycles besides that one - B
Distributive Error
Loaded question
Lots of people smoke cigarettes, so it can't be wrong.
Naturalistic fallacy
Law of Identity