Logical Fallacies
A logical fallacy is an error in what?
Reasoning/logic.
X is true because you cannot prove that X is false.
X is false because you cannot prove that X is true.
Appeal to ignorance.
If you have a piece of candy today, then you’ll eat a whole bowl tomorrow, and the next thing you know, all your teeth will have rotted out!
Slippery Slope
Trust me, I'm a doctor.
Appeal to authority
The priest told me I should have faith. I have faith that my son will do well in school this year. Therefore, the priest should be happy with me.
Equivocation
Fallacia
After Will said that we should put more money into health and education, Warren responded by saying that he was surprised that Will hates our country so much that he wants to leave it defenceless by cutting military spending.
Strawman
Sample S is taken from population P.
Sample S is a very small part of population P.
Conclusion C is drawn from sample S and applied to population P.
Hasty generlatisation.
"There are many hackers that spread viruses through the internet. Therefore, if you use the internet without a firewall, it is inevitable that you will be hacked sooner or later."
Appeal to probability
I have already spent thousands of dollars on this car. If I don’t keep making repairs, all of the money will be lost.
Fallacy of sunk costs.
What are factual fallacies?
Mistakes about factual matters.
You’re either a cat person or a dog person.
False Dilemma
A hasty generalisation may also be called?
Sweeping generlisation
Refusing to admit ignorance to the hypothesis and/or the conclusion, but insisting that your ignorance has to do with missing data that validate both the hypothesis and conclusion.
Missing Data
A is regularly associated with B; therefore, A causes B.
Questionable cause
My opponent suggests that lowering taxes will be a good idea -- this is coming from a woman who eats a pint of Ben and Jerry’s each night!
Ad Hominem
False dichotomy.
How can you tell me not to experiment with drugs when you did the same thing as a teenager?
Tu quoque
Claim A is made.
Evidence is presented for claim A.
Therefore, claim C is true.
Non Sequitur
Ginger: Your dog just ran into our house and ransacked our kitchen!
Mary: He would never do that, look at how adorable he is with those puppy eyes!
Appeal to pity
There is no evidence for the Loch Ness monster; therefore, the Loch Ness monster does not exist.
Appeal to ignorance
When a relatively insignificant first event is suggested to lead to a more significant event, which in turn leads to a more significant event, and so on, until some ultimate, significant event is reached.
Slippery slope.
Person 1 is accused of Y, but person 1 is pathetic.
Therefore, person 1 is innocent.
Appeal to pity
A lot of people believe X.
Therefore, X must be true.
Bandwagon
In business, defending lay offs - "Unfortunately we have to lay off 5% of the workforce. It's important for us to note that the product we create is exceptionally flawless and we thank our manufacturing department for that."
Red herring