Fallacies of Distraction
Verbally attacking a person's moral character, or bringing it into question, when the argument has nothing to do with it.
What is "Ad Hominem"?
Whole-to-part fallacy.
What is Division?
Also known as a Catch-22, this fallacy offers only 2 options to the opponent, both of which are usually bad.
What is a false-dilemma/bifurcation/either-or?
ad as in ad ________.
What is "To the____"
An appeal to force or threats.
What is ad baculum?
What is "Tu quoque"/TQ?
When one assumes what is true for a part is true for a larger whole.
What is composition?
The assumption that because one event preceded another, they must be casually/logically related.
What is post hoc ergo propter hoc/false cause?
Ignorantium
What is "ignorance"?
An argument from a lack of evidence.
what is ad ignorantiam?
An appeal to a false authority.
What is "Ipse Dixit"?
Changing the meaning of a term mid-argument
What is equivocation?
Secretly assuming what you are already trying to prove. When an argument uses it's conclusion as a premise to support the conclusion itself.
What is circular reasoning?
baculum
What is stick/staff?
The other name of the bandwagon fallacy.
What is ad populum?
An appeal to the people/the masses.
What is "ad populum"?
When the grammar of a term/statement allows it to have multiple, distinct meanings.
What is amphiboly?
A question with a presupposition built in. Often leaves the answerer in a bad spot, regardless of how they answer.
What is a complex question?
Ipse Dixit
What is "he himself has said it"?
an argument based merely on the passage of time.
what is chronological snobbery?
Assumes the opponent is wrong, specifically by how they came about their information/came to their conclusion. The "because" fallacy.
What is "Bulverism"?
This fallacy is committed when one emphasizes different words in a statement to change the meaning.
What is the accent fallacy?
A conclusion drawn from insufficient evidence. Usually uses too small of a sample size.
What is an apriorism/hasty generalization?
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
What is "after this, therefore, because of this"?
Mr. Kraft's favorite fallacy, when someone dismisses an exception to a generalization without justification.
What is the "no true Scotsman" fallacy?