Ethos, Pathos, Logos
Which rhetorical appeal relies primarily on emotion?
What is pathos.
Jack becomes increasingly frustrated when he cannot kill the pig.
What does this reveal about him?
He is becoming obsessed with hunting and increasingly determined to prove himself.
What is Ralph's primary goal for the boys?
Getting rescued and maintaining enough order/civilization to survive.
What does the conch primarily symbolize?
Civilization, order, authority, and rules.
Who is elected chief?
Ralph
Ralph argues that the signal fire must remain lit because it is their best chance of being rescued.
Which rhetorical appeal is Ralph primarily using?
What is logos.
Ralph repeatedly emphasizes the importance of maintaining the signal fire.
What does this reveal about Ralph?
He is responsible and focused on rescue/long-term goals.
What does Jack increasingly prioritize over Ralph's concerns?
Hunting, meat, power, and proving himself.
What do Piggy's glasses literally allow the boys to do?
Start the signal fire.
Why are Piggy's glasses important?
They allow the boys to start the signal fire.
Jack argues that the boys should trust him because he has experience hunting and has successfully killed pigs.
Which rhetorical appeal is Jack primarily using?
What is ethos.
Ralph apologizes to Piggy after participating in the boys' laughter at him.
What does this reveal about Ralph?
He can recognize when he has done something wrong and show empathy/remorse.
The boys need to choose between maintaining the signal fire and hunting.
What would Ralph most likely prioritize?
The signal fire/rescue.
Why is it symbolically significant that Piggy's glasses are used to create the signal fire?
They connect Piggy's intelligence and practical knowledge to the boys' hope of rescue.
Why does the signal fire go out in Chapter 4?
The boys responsible for it leave to go hunt a pig with Jack.
A boy says:
"Think about your parents waiting at home, wondering whether you are alive. Don't you want to get back to them?"
Which appeal is being used, and what emotion is the speaker trying to create?
What is pathos. The speaker is trying to create emotions such as sadness, fear, guilt, or longing.
By Chapters 5–6, Jack is increasingly focused on hunting, meat, and protecting the boys from the beast.
What larger change in Jack's characterization does Golding develop?
Jack is becoming increasingly savage and driven by fear, hunting, and power rather than civilization and rules.
In Chapter 6, the boys believe they have seen the beast.
Ralph wants to investigate and determine what is actually happening, while Jack is eager to hunt and confront the threat.
Which approach better reflects Ralph's leadership style?
Ralph's approach reflects a focus on reason, organization, and solving the actual problem rather than immediately acting out of fear.
In Chapter 6, what does the boys' belief that they have seen the beast begin to symbolize?
The beast begins to represent the boys' fear and the threat of savagery, rather than simply being a literal creature.
What happens when a ship passes the island while the signal fire is out?
The boys miss an opportunity to be rescued because there is no smoke signaling the ship.
A speaker argues:
"If we stop maintaining the signal fire, passing ships will have no way to see us. Therefore, abandoning the fire decreases our chances of rescue."
What makes this logos rather than ethos?
The speaker uses reasoning and cause-and-effect logic rather than credibility.
In Chapter 6, Ralph is initially skeptical that the beast exists, while Jack is eager to hunt it.
What does this contrast reveal about the two boys?
Ralph tends toward reason and skepticism, while Jack is increasingly willing to use fear and the belief in the beast to support his leadership and hunting.
By Chapter 6, Jack has begun attracting boys away from Ralph's priorities.
Why might Jack's leadership be appealing to the boys even though it threatens the group's original system of order?
Jack offers excitement, hunting, food, protection, and freedom from Ralph's rules. His leadership appeals to the boys' immediate desires and fears.
By Chapter 6, the boys' fear of the beast is beginning to influence their behavior.
What larger idea does the "beast" symbolize?
It can symbolize the fear and darkness within the boys themselves—the potential for human beings to become violent or savage.
What happens at the end of Chapter 6 that changes the boys' understanding of the "beast"?
The boys discover that what they thought was the beast is actually the dead parachutist, whose body is moving because of the wind/parachute.