Growing Pains
According to this theorist, children move through four stages of cognitive development, with their thinking becoming more complex as they grow.
Who is Jean Piaget?
Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses.
What is connectionism?
If a child is very dysregulated or having a bad day we would not take it out on the child.
What is, we do not blame the horse?
In Indigenous education, this traditional circular diagram is frequently used as a framework to represent the holistic balance of four key dimensions.
What is the Medicine Wheel?
This mindset is based on the belief that abilities and intelligence can improve through learning, effort, and practice.
What is a growth mindset?
According to Erikson, this psychosocial stage is especially significant during the elementary school years, when children develop competence and confidence through their accomplishments.
What is Industry vs. Inferiority?
A type of learning where voluntary behavior changes based on its consequences, either increasing or decreasing through rewards or punishments.
What is operant conditioning?
Schools based on this perspective often look like various stations where children go about independently working and exploring different activities
What is Montessori?
Name at least three of the four numbered treaties that cover portions of Western Canada.
What are Treaties 4, 6, 7, and 8?
According to this theorist, students learn better when they experience joy, engagement, and minimal stress in the classroom.
Who is Judy Willis?
This theorist proposed a theory of maturation, kicking off the “nature vs. nurture” debate.
Who is Arnold Gesell?
While B.F. Skinner emphasized environmental consequences to shape voluntary behavior, this behaviorist proposed the Theory of Habit Formation, arguing that new behavior is a stimulus substitution built through high frequency and recency.
Who is John B. Watson?
This theory suggests that students must have their basic needs, such as food, safety, and belonging, met before they can fully focus on learning and reaching their potential.
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
In many Medicine Wheel teachings, well-being is represented through these four interconnected dimensions.
What are physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being?
Carol Dweck warns against this mindset, where people claim to believe in growth but do not put those beliefs into practice.
What is false growth mindset?
In Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, children in this specific stage—typically between ages 2 and 6—use symbols like words and images to represent objects, but cannot yet reason logically.
What is the Preoperational Stage?
This theorist believed that all students should learn the same core knowledge and be assessed equally. This approach would especially help which group of students?
Who is E. D. Hirsch, and which students are low-income students who move schools frequently?
This theory suggests that the environment itself becomes the “third teacher”.
What is the Reggio Emilia approach?
Fill in the blank: “Nothing about us ____________”
“Without us.”
This occurs when students worry about confirming a negative stereotype about their group, which can affect their performance.
What is the stereotype threat?
In Mongolia, young children participate as jockeys in horse racing, demonstrating independence, responsibility, and physical skills at ages when children in Western societies may be considered too young for such activities. This example challenges which assumption of traditional developmental theory?
What is the assumption that children develop according to universal, age-based stages, regardless of cultural and environmental influences?
When schools consistently use rewards, punishments, and external reinforcement to encourage obedience and conformity, students may learn to prioritize approval over independent thinking. If these practices extend into adulthood, what potential impact could behaviourism have on society?
What is a society that prioritizes conformity, obedience, and external validation over individuality, creativity, and critical thinking?
This state of psychological disconnect occurs when a learner's self-image aligns poorly with their ideal self. According to Rogers, it forces the individual to rely on defense mechanisms and breeds a deep-seated resistance to transformative, vulnerable learning.
What is incongruence (or a non-congruent self)?
Teachers are positioned as ___ of learning from the land, other humans and more-than-humans
What are “facilitators”?
Many of the concerns associated with this learning theory can be found in these forms of curriculum.
What is either the hidden curriculum or null curriculum?