Proteins!
What is the monomer for protein?
Amino acid
What do we call a molecule of carbohydrate composed of a single sugar unit?
Monosaccharide
What is the name of the bond that links the fatty acids to the glycerol molecule?
Ester bond
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What class of macromolecules does DNA and RNA belong to?
Nucleic acids
Name the group of the covalent bond that links the carboxyl group to the amino group of another.
Peptide bond
What is the skeleton of plant cell walls made of?
Cellulose
Are lipids nonpolar water-repelling large molecules?
yes
What type of bond connects nucleotides together in a strand of DNA or RNA?
Phosphodiester bond
What is the organic compound that is the main source of energy that cells use?
Glucose
Which level of protein structure is represented by the α-helix and the β-pleated sheet?
Secondary structure
What polysaccharide is used by a plant to store energy in?
Starch
Why are unsaturated fatty acids typically liquid at room temperature while saturated fatty acids are solid?
Their chemical structure has double bonds that create kinks in their carbon chains.
What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has a double-stranded helix, and RNA has a single strand.
What happens when water breaks down ATP to give off energy?
Hydrolysis
What level of protein structure is the overall 3D structure of a protein?
Primary structure
What bond is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together?
Glycosidic bond
What is the difference in the structure of saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds, whereas unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their chain.
What is found in RNA and not in DNA?
Ribose
How do condensation reactions create polymers from monomers?
A condensation reaction creates polymers by connecting smaller monomers together and releasing a water molecule every time a new link is formed.
How do secondary structures lead into the formation of a protein's tertiary structure?
The secondary structures are pre-made building blocks that fold and pack together to build the tertiary structure of a protein.
What is different about the job cellulose does in plants from the job starch and glycogen do?
Cellulose provides structural support in cell walls and starch and glycogen use glycosidic linkages to store energy
What is the name of a lipids where a glycerol molecule being joined to three fatty acid chains?
Triglyceride
What are the three parts of a single nucleotide?
A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.
Describe how the linkage between two subunits forms by a condensation reaction which releases a water molecule.
A hydroxyl group from one monomer and a hydrogen atom from another combine to form a water molecule.