Characteristics of Life
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to obtain, store, and break down energy is known as this.
What is metabolism?
Purpose of carbohydrates
What is short-term energy?
Unlike carbohydrates, lipids contain far less of this element relative to carbon and hydrogen
What is Oxygen?
These are the monomer building blocks of proteins, of which there are 20 different types.
What are amino acids?
These two primary macromolecules represent the common names for nucleic acids.
What are DNA and RNA?
Plants bending toward light or pulling your hand away from a hot stove are examples of living things doing this.
What is responding to stimuli (or environment)?
The monomer for carbohydrates are called this.
What is a Monosaccharide?
A lipid molecule consists of a 3-carbon backbone called glycerol attached to long hydrocarbon chains known as these.
What are fatty acids (tails)?
These specialized proteins act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
What are enzymes?
The monomer of a nucleic acid is called this.
What is a nucleotide?
This term describes an organism's ability to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment despite changes in the outside world.
What is homeostasis?
Carbohydrates contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in this chemical ration.
What is 1:2:1?
This type of lipid has at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, making its tail bend and rendering it liquid at room temperature.
What is an unsaturated lipid(fat)?
High temperatures or extreme pH levels can cause a protein to lose its functional shape, a process known as this.
What is denaturation (or becoming denatured)?
Nucleic acids contain these 5 core elements.
What are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P)?
According to cell theory, this is considered the smallest basic functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
What is a cell?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides and sugars in general often end in this specific suffix.
What is "-ose"?
Ex: Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, etc.
Because saturated fats have no carbon-to-carbon double bonds, their fatty acid chains are straight and pack tightly together, causing them to exist in this physical state at room temperature.
What is a solid?
ALL proteins share a universal repeating chemical backbone that follows this element order.
What is N-C-C (Nitrogen-Carbon-Carbon)?
Every single nucleotide monomer consists of these three distinct components.
What are a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
While individual organisms can grow and develop during their lifetimes, a population of organisms must do this over many generations to adapt to changing environments.
What is evolve (or evolution)?
Plant cell walls are constructed from this structural polysaccharide, which human digestive systems cannot break down.
What is cellulose (or fiber)?
Besides storing energy and building cell membranes, lipids also provide this type of protection against temperature changes, as well as serve structural roles as hormones.
What is insulation?
A chain of many amino acids linked together forms a polymer known by this term.
Polypeptide
The main purpose of nucleic acids in living organisms is storing this type of information that controls structure and function.
What is hereditary (or genetic) information?