Carbohydrates
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are the building components of a triglyceride?
Glycerol and three fatty acids
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
What is the primary energy source for cells?
Glucose
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
What type of bond connects amino acids?
Peptide bonds
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage?
Lipids
What type of bond connects monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bond
What type of lipid makes up most of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What biological molecules speed up chemical reactions?
Enzymes
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Which macromolecule contains nitrogen and is made of amino acids?
Proteins
What carbohydrate stores energy in plants?
Starch
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no carbon-carbon double bonds; unsaturated fats have one or more
What happens when a protein denatures?
Its shape changes, potentially causing it to lose function.
What is one major difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is usually double-stranded and uses thymine; RNA is usually single-stranded and uses uracil.
What reaction joins monomers together by removing water?
Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)
What carbohydrate provides structural support in plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What are the two main functions of lipids?
Long-term energy storage and forming cell membranes
Why is a protein's shape important to its function?
Its specific three-dimensional structure determines how it interacts with other molecules
What is the primary function of DNA?
Storing genetic information
What are the four major biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids