MALARIA BASICS
The word "malaria" comes from the Italian mal'aria, meaning this.
What is "bad air"?
This Plasmodium species is considered the most dangerous.
What is P. falciparum?
In 1880, Charles Laveran discovered the malaria parasite while working in this North African country.
What is Algeria?
Insecticide-treated versions of these reduce nighttime mosquito bites.
What are bed nets?
This test uses a microscope to identify Plasmodium parasites in a patient's blood.
What is blood smear microscopy?
Malaria is caused by parasites belonging to this genus.
What is Plasmodium?
This widespread Plasmodium species is shown in the slide's microscope image.
What is P. vivax?
In 1897, while working in India, this British physician demonstrated that mosquitoes transmit malaria.
Who is Ronald Ross?
Eliminating this reduces potential mosquito breeding sites.
What is standing water?
The abbreviation RDT stands for these tests that give quick detection of malaria infection.
What are rapid diagnostic tests?
Malaria is transmitted by infected females of this genus of mosquito.
What is Anopheles?
The four important species are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and this one.
What is P. malariae?
Ronald Ross was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in this year.
What is 1902?
This control method kills mosquitoes that enter homes.
What is indoor residual spraying?
Molecular PCR tests detect this, with high sensitivity.
What is parasite DNA?
The parasite infects the liver and red blood cells, causing fever, chills, and this blood condition.
What is anemia?
After an infected mosquito injects the parasites, they first enter and multiply in the cells of this organ.
What is the liver?
Laveran's 1907 Nobel Prize recognized his discoveries about the role of these single-celled organisms in causing disease.
What are protozoa?
These medicines are used for both the prevention and treatment of malaria.
What are antimalarial medicines?
Artemisinin-based combination therapies, known by this three-letter abbreviation, are a major treatment for P. falciparum malaria.
What are ACTs?
Malaria's origin is probably in this ancient continent, though malaria-like illness was also documented in ancient China and Egypt.
What is Africa?
Complete the life cycle: Mosquito → Human → Liver → ______ → Mosquito.
What are red blood cells?
Laveran's discovery challenged this old belief, which blamed malaria on "bad air."
What is miasma?
Now available as an additional prevention tool, especially for children in areas with high transmission, this is a new weapon against malaria.
What is a malaria vaccine?
ACTs pair artemisinin with a second drug to kill parasites quickly and to reduce the risk of this problem.
What is drug resistance?