Vocabulary
Define "Niche."
The role of a species within an ecosystem.
When is random sampling recommended for biodiversity measuring?
Which marine ecosystem has the highest biodiversity?
Coral Reefs
What is "Null Hypothesis"?
There is no correlation between the two sets of variables.
What are biotic and abiotic factors?
Biotic factors: LIVING parts of an ecosystem.
Abiotic: NONLIVING parts of an ecosystem.
Define "Ecosystem."
The living organisms and the environment with which they interact.
What are the limitations of the Capture-Mark-Release technique? (Name three)
Marks can wear/ fall off.
Animals can hide
Animals can be born/die
Some animals are easier or harder to catch
Animals can migrate out of the area
Markings can increase predation.
What are the factors that make living on rocky shores difficult? Name 4.
Dessication, sandy substrate, lack of producers, erosion, tropical storms.
When is the Simpson's Index useful for regarding biodiversity?
Useful for COMPARING the biodiversity of different locations.
What is a predator?
An organism that hunts, kills, and eats another species (the prey).
Define "Ecological Diversity."
The variation of ecosystems or habitats on a regional or global level.
What two equations use the "Capture-Mark-Release" technique?
The Lincoln Index and Simpson's Index.
What are 4 factors that make hydrothermal vents such extreme environments?
Toxins, temperature, pH, pressure, light.
Use the Lincoln Index to solve this scenario:
The number of dog whelks captured and marks first visit was 120, but on the second visit (marked and unmarked) it was 200. The number of recaptured dog whelks that were marked was 40.
What is the total population of dog whelks?
600
What is "Ecological Diversity"
The variation of ecosystems or habitats on a regional or global level.
Define "Species Diversity."
The abundance and richness of a species in a given place.
How and when is "Systematic Sampling" necessary for measuring biodiversity?
When samples are taken at fixed intervals along a transect and marked at regular intervals (1m, 5m, or 10m). Used when there are zones (vertical zonation) in an ecosystem.
What is the importance of tide pools?
Waves deliver fresh nutrients and serve as nurseries for juvenile/ small fish in a protected environment.
What does "n" represent in the Simpson's index?
Number of individuals in a population
Define and give an example of intra-species competition.
Competition between individuals of the same species.
EX: fighting for food, fighting for a mate, shelter (other answers up to teacher's discretion).
Define "Habitat" and give one example from the lesson.
The natural environment where an organism lives.
Estuaries, Wetlands, Mangrove forests, Salt marshes, Hydrothermal vents, etc. (Other answers up to teacher's discretion)
What is Spearman's Rank Correlation used for and name all three correlations.
Determines the relationship between two organisms at a location and whether the presence of one influences the other.
Postive, Negative, and No Correlation.
What is the importance of ecosystems with huge biodiversity? Name 5.
Provides food, shelter, climate control, protection of the physical environment, medicine
Use Lincoln the index to solve this question:
Scientists caught and marked 100 specimens. On the second visit they caught 70 pacific herrings. They estimated the population size was 700.
How many of the recaptured pacific herrings were marked?
10
What is an ethical method and the main goal of a safe method.
Ethical method: One that evaluates and chooses ways to protect the natural habitat under investigation.
Safe method: Identifying potential hazards to reduce the risk of occurring.