Waves
Random
Intertidal Zones
Tides
Estuaries
100
Wave play a major role in ________ up and breaking ________ the shoreline
building, down
100
Do sea walls help to prevent erosion?
No, sea walls actually increase erosion, but they protect infrastructure like buildings
100
Name the challenges that intertidal organisms face.
Desiccation
Salinity Changes (Most organisms in the intertidal can stand a wide range of salinity)
Temperature Changes
Interrupted feeding
Wave Action
100
Which factor is MOST responsible for the tides
The Moon's gravity
100
In an estuary, where is the saltiest water found?
At the bottom because it is more dense
200
There are two types of waves, 1) __________ and 2) _____________
1) Help build up shorelines
2) Erode away the sand on the shoreline
1) constructive
2) destructive
200
In Dr. Smyth's presentation, which combination of shorelines provided the most protection from storm surge?
Oyster Reefs + Salt Marshes
200
If an organism closes itself up, locking in moisture, salinity, and temperature it is "__________ __".
Clamming Up
200
If the moon is at full moon or new moon, what type of tide will we experience?
Spring Tide
200
True or false, most animals in estuaries are able to tolerate low salinity
True
300
Surface currents in the ocean and waves are mostly caused by ________.
wind
300
biological interactions (biotic factors) determine the lower limit of organisms in the intertidal, while ___________ factors determine the upper limit.
abiotic or physical factors (desiccation, wave action, temperature, etc.)
300
This intertidal zone is most exposed to the air and is often called the "splash zone"
upper intertidal
300
Whether we are in a spring tide, neap tide, or somewhere inbetween is caused by the...
phases of the moon
300
What are the 4 types of estuaries?
Open water,
Mudflats,
Salt Marshes,
Mangrove Forests
400
As ocean waves approach the shore, the top curls over and crashes into the sand. What do we call these waves?
breakers
400
what are the areas called where sea water collects when the tides go out
tide pools
400
Which intertidal zone is most affected by predation? why?
The middle intertidal is most affected because of cross over. Organisms in the middle intertidal are preyed on by lower intertidal and upper intertidal predators.
400
These are a type of tide that causes water to be carried back into the ocean.
rip tide
400
Why do many of the world's great cities develop near estuaries?
Estuaries provide many economic benefits such as tourism and commercial fishing.
500
These are an event in which a large wave is triggered by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption
Tsunami
500
According to the reading, what is the largest estuary in the United States?
You have to find this answer on your own!!
500
Which intertidal zone is immersed in water most of the time?
lower intertidal
500
What is the cycle of the repetitive rise and fall of the sea level due to the gravitational influence of the moon?
Tides
500
What do mangroves provide?
Decreased erosion
Protection from storms
habitat for many marine species
600
Be able to label a diagram of a wave 
600
What is better for protecting our shorelines from storm surge and beach erosion?
Living shorelines (oyster reefs, salt marshes, mangroves)
600
Name a unique challenge (besides major desiccation) that upper intertidal organisms face.
Predation from land predators such as raccoons
600
What should you do if you are caught in a rip current?
Swim parallel to the shore to escape the rip current
600
Which organisms act like filters in estuaries?
Oysters and Clams
700
In a wave, what is the motion of the water particles due to the action of the wave
The water rises and falls in a circular motion.
The wave is energy moving through the water, not the water moving forward
700
What factors determine the size of waves?
Water depth
Fetch
Duration/speed of winds
700
There are two types of substrate for the intertidal zones, they are ______ and _______. Which one has animals that burrow and tunnel?
Rocky, Sand (soft bottom)
Sandy Substrate
700
At this location, there are extreme tide changes of up to 56 feet
The Bay of Fundy
700
What are some human impact on estuaries?
1) Estuaries are being dredged to make marinas, artificial harbors, and seaports
2) Estuaries are being filled to create industrial parks, urban development, and garbage dumps
3) Mangrove forests have been destroyed, making us more vulnerable to storm impacts