States of Matter
What is anything that has mass and takes up space?
Matter
What is a physical property?
A characteristic of matter that you an observe or measure without changing it into a new substance.
What is a chemical property?
A chemical property describes how a substance can react and change into a new substance.
What is a physical change?
This type of change alters matter’s size, shape, state, or appearance without creating a new substance.
What is a chemical change?
This type of change happens when matter forms one or more new substances.
What are the four states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
Name at least 3 physical properties of matter.
Color, texture, temperature, mass, volume, hardness, magnetism, state (solid, liquid, gas), etc.
What chemical property describes a substance's ability to burn?
Flammability
An ice cube undergoes this physical change when it becomes liquid water.
melting
When wood is undergoes the chemical change of burning, what new substances are produced while releasing heat and light?
ash and gas (smoke)
Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes up the shape of its container?
liquid
A scientist scratches a mineral to identify it. What physical property is being tested?
Hardness
A chemical property describes how a substance can react and change into a new substance.
rust
Water vapor cools and forms liquid droplets on the outside of a cold glass. This change has this name.
Condensation
Cooking this breakfast food creates a chemical change - making its clear, runny white into a firm, white substance.
eggs
How are particles arranged and how do they move in a gas compared with a solid?
In a gas the particles are far apart and loosely arranged and in a solid the particles are packed tightly together.
volume
Identify at least 3 chemical properties of matter.
flammability, reacts to water, reacts to acid, rusting, tarnishing, etc.
List at least 3 examples of a physical change.
Cutting paper, crushing an aluminum can, breaking glass, chopping wood, sharpening a pencil, stretching a rubber band, molding clay, melting ice, freezing water, boiling water, evaporating water from a puddle, water vapor condensing into liquid droplets, dissolving sugar or salt in water.
An apple slice turns brown after being exposed to air because it reacts with this gas.
Oxygen
How does thermal energy affect the state that matter is in? Explain at least 3 examples.
Adding or removing thermal energy causes changes of state.
Melting (solid --> liquid)
Evaportation (liquid --> gas)
Condensation (gas --> liquid)
Freezing (liquid --> solid)
What's the difference between an object's mass and an object's volume?
Mass is how much matter an object contains - grams or kilograms using a balance
Volume is how much space an object takes up - milliliters, liters, or cubic centimeters
Remember: Mass = amount of matter. Volume = amount of space.
A student says melting and burning are both chemical properties. Is the student true of false? Why?
False - answers may vary
True or False: A physical change always creates a new substance.
False. A physical change can change matter’s size, shape, or state, but no new substance forms.
True or False: Bubbles always mean a chemical change has occurred.
False. Boiling water forms bubbles of water vapor, but no new substance forms, so it is a physical change.
Sometimes bubbles mean a chemical change, but not always.