Provide a specific example of the 1st line of defense.
Possible answers: skin, mucociliary escalator, stomach acid, saliva, urine, microbial antagonism by members of normal microbiota
Who discovered penicillin
Pasteur
The is the staining process for separating bacteria using crystal violet dye, iodine solution, alcohol solution, and safranin dye.
Gram's Stain
These make up a large group of one-celled microorganisms; they can be good and bad.
bacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes is bacitracin S or R?
sensitive
This immunoglobulin circulates as a pentamer.
IgM
Used a primitive microscope to observe stagnant water and scrapings from the teeth
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
What are the 5 major groups of microorganisms
1. Protozoa
2. Bacteria
3. Viruses
4. Algae
5. Fungi
aMatch the antimicrobial with its target:
A. beta lactams B. fluoroquinolone C. tetracycline D. aminoglycoside E. lysozyme
1. _____ inhibits DNA gyrase
2. _____prevent attachment of tRNA
3. _____hydrolyzes bonds between NAG-NAM
4. _____inhibits peptide crosslinks between NAMs
5. _____ mRNA is read incorrectly
1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D
most widely used culture medium to grow Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Lowenstein-Jensen Medium
This is the difference between flocculation and agglutination.
Flocculation- floats in solution; agglutination- precipitates and settles to the bottom.
Pathogens in milk are destroyed through this, named after the Father of Microbiology.
Louis Pasteur
Select the FALSE statement:
A) dry heat is a more effective antimicrobial agent than moist heat.
B) Some Alcohols, halogens, and heavy metals can be used as antiseptics.
C) refrigeration/freezing are not reliable bactericidal methods.
D) ionizing radiation can be used as a sterilant.
A
This microorganism is used as a benchmark for the effectiveness of a surface disinfectant.
Tuberculosis
This gram negative diplococcus ferments glucose and maltose and grows on Thayer-Martin
N. meningitidis?
Phagocytes have integral membrane proteins called 1. ____________ which bind to molecular components commonly found on pathogens called 2. ____________. This recognition initiates defensive responses.
1. TLRs (toll like receptors)
2. PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns).
Developed a two-part dish, petri plates (still used in microbiology laboratories today), used for growing bacteria and a technique used for isolating pure colonies of bacteria
Robert Koch, Julius petri
Name this leukocyte:
granulocyte
phagocytic
first cell to appear after an infection
short-lived
neutrophil
This is a technique used to detect large changes in DNA sequences.
Southern Blot
what is true UTI
>100,000 cfu/ml of 1 organism indicates a true UTI
Haptens can only induce an immune response when coupled to a ____________________________.
high-molecular weight immunogenic molecules
Who recognized that airborne microorganisms were responsible for post surgical infections
Joseph Lister
This mutation is one that results from an insult or DNA replication error.
somatic
Select the true statement:
A) endospores are typically harder to inactivate than prions.
B) gram positives are generally easier to kill than gram negatives.
C) Mycobacteria are among the easiest types of bacteria to kill.
D) gram negatives are harder to kill than endospore-formers.
B
What is one way to test for TB?
Skin test, blood test, x-ray, sputum culture