Skeletal Muscle
This is the functional unit of striated muscle between two Z discs
What is a sarcomere?
This neurotransmitter is released by the motor neuron at the NMJ
What is acetylcholine (ACh)?
What is a motor unit?
This division of the nervous system carries sensory information toward the CNS
What is the afferent division?
What are rods?
Calcium binds to this subunit of troponin, causing tropomyosin to move away from the myosin binding sites on actin
What is TnC?
This is the role of Agrin at the NMJ
According to this principle, the smallest motor units are recruited first, followed by progressively larger units as force requirements increase
What is Henneman's size principle?
This cranial nerve carries visual information from the retina toward the brain
What is CN II, the optic nerve?
In this type of contraction, the muscle produces force while lengthening
what is an eccentric contraction?
This is the difference between the absolute and relative refractory periods
What is it is impossible to trigger another action potential during absolute and a much stronger stimulus could trigger a new action potential during relative?
This type of proprioceptor detects changes in muscle length and contributes to the stretch reflex
What is a muscle spindle?
This ascending tract carries fine touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception and crosses in the medulla
What is the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway (DCML)?
A lesion at the optic chiasm produces this visual field defect
What is bitemporal hemianopia? (loss of temporal visual fields in both eyes)
During contraction, this sarcomere band remains the same length while the I band and H zone decrease.
What is the A band?
This is the ionic basis for RMP
Unlike the muscle spindle, this receptor detects muscle tension and can cause the same muscle to relax through autogenic inhibition
What is the Golgi tendon organ?
This pathway carries pain and temperature and crosses in the spinal cord
What is the spinothalamic tract/anterolateral system?
A lesion in the temporal lobe portion of the optic radiations causes this visual field deficit, commonly referred to is "pie in the sky"
What is superior quadrantanopia? (Loss of upper quadrant in both eyes)
A patient has no ATP available in their skeletal muscle, which step of cross bridge cycling can no longer occur?
What is ATP binding to myosin to break the rigor bond?
A patient has received rocuronium and needs rapid reversal. One drug increases ACh to compete at the NMJ, while another directly encapsulates the paralytic molecule, name both.
What are neostigmine and sugammadex?
A patient has an UMN lesion. Which combination would you expect to see: flaccid paralysis + Hyporeflexia, or spastic paralysis + hyperreflexia?
What are spastic paralysis and hyperreflexia?
A has a spinal cord lesion that damages the DCML pathway, will they lose vibration and proprioception ipsilaterally or contralaterally?
What is Ipsilaterally?
A patient has elevated ICP. Pressure is transmitted around the optic nerve, compressing veins and causing swelling of the optic nerve head. Name that condition.
What is papilledema?