DNA & Bioinformatics
What is the main function of DNA?
to store genetic information.
what is an antigen ?
A substance that triggers an immune response
These medications are used to treat bacterial infections.”
What are antibiotics?
“This term describes a sudden increase in cases of a disease in a particular place or group.”
What is an outbreak?
“This medical intervention helps prepare the immune system to fight a disease before you become infected.”
What is a vaccine?
What is DNA sequencing used for ?
to determine the order of the bases of DNA ( A,T,C, and G )
what is an antibody ?
a protein made by the immune system that specifically binds to a specific antigen
( lock and key model )
“This type of microorganism can be treated with antibiotics.”
What are bacteria?
“This is a disease-causing organism or agent, such as a bacterium or virus.”
What is a pathogen?
“This is the body’s ability to recognize and protect itself against a specific disease.”
What is immunity?
what is bioinformatics used for ?
using computers to analyze and compare biological data, such as DNA sequences
What is color change ?
“Antibiotics do NOT work against this type of pathogen.”
What are viruses?
“Investigators use this process to identify people who may have been exposed to an infected person.”
What is contact tracing?
“Vaccines expose the immune system to this substance, which the body recognizes as foreign.”
What is an antigen?
They can compare its DNA sequence to DNA sequences from know pathogens
This molecule specifically binds to an antigen and can be used in an ELISA to detect it ?
what is an antibody?
Although some bacteria cause disease, this proportion of bacteria are actually harmless or beneficial to humans.”
What is the majority of bacteria?
“During an outbreak, identifying where infected people went and who they interacted with helps investigators determine this.”
What is how the disease spread / the transmission route?
“After vaccination, the immune system produces these proteins that can recognize and bind to a specific antigen.”
What are antibodies?
Scientists compare DNA from pathogens found in three patients. Patients A and B have nearly identical DNA sequences, while Patient C’s sequence is very different. What can scientists conclude?
Patients A and B likely have closely related infections and may be part of the same outbreak, while Patient C’s infection may have a different source.
“Name ONE method that doctors or scientists can use to detect or diagnose a disease.”
What is a CT scan? What is an ELISA? What is DNA sequencing? What is PCR? What is a blood test?
“Name ONE type of bacteria that can cause disease in humans.”
E. coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, etc.
“This person is identified as the first known case in an outbreak investigation.”
Who is Patient Zero / the index case?
“These long-lasting immune cells allow the body to respond faster if it encounters the same pathogen again.”
What are memory cells?