CYP Substrates
methadone, statins, amiodarone, diltiazem, NNRTIs
What are 3A4 substrates
ACE and ARBs, Bactrim, aldosterone receptor antagonists, canagliflozin all cause an increase in ____
Potassium
amylase and lipase
Pancreatic function
Lactulose decreases ____
ammonia
TSH, T4, FT4
Thyroid function
theophylline, R-warfarin, olanzapine
What are 1A2 substrates
metformin (especially in renal disease or heart failure), NRTs, alcohol use, cyanide cause an increase in ______
What is lactic acid (lactate)
PT, INR, aPTT
Anticoagulation
Clozapine has a boxed warning regarding this and previously, it was the reason for the REMS (which is no longer a REMS)
WBC--neutropenia
A1C
Diabetes, average blood glucose
codeine, tramadol, meperidine, tamoxifen
What are 2D6 substrates
Risperidone, paliperidone, and haloperidol all increase this (hint: it can lead to gynecomastia)
What is prolactin?
C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte rate
Inflammation or autoimmune disease
PPIs, metformin, colchicine can all decrease this vitamin
B12
TC, HDL, LDL, TG
LIPD panel used to assess cholesterol types and determine cardio risk
S-warfarin
What are 2C9 substrate
Diuretics, niacin, low doses of aspirin, pyrazinamide, and cyclosporine all increase this
What is uric acid?
pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, O2 sat
Acid-Base
Phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, methotrexate can all cause a decrease in this ______
Folic acid
MCV and MCH
Anemia work up
Decrease in MCV --> microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency
Increase in MCV ---> macrocytic anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency
clopidogrel
What is 2C19 substrate
Valproic acid and topiramate can increase this lab which is often measured in suspected hepatic encephalopathy
Ammonia
CK (or CPK), Troponin, B-Type Natriuretic peptide
Cardiovascular
systemic steroids decrease this type of blood cell (we also see this happen with HIV and bone marrow suppression)
Lymphocytes
Anion Gap
Metabolic acidosis