Emperor
Which event strengthened Charlemagne's claim to rule as a Christian emperor?
Pope Leo III crowned him emperor
Why were Viking longships effective for expansion?
they could travel across seas and enter shallow rivers.
What was the role of a vassal in medieval society?
to give military service and pledge loyalty to a lord in exchange for land to live on.
Which institution took primary responsibility for education in much of medieval Europe?
Roman Catholic Church
What principle did the Magna Carta establish in England?
the monarch was subject to the law
Which action best shows Charlemagne's support for learning?
He established schools at his court and in monasteries
The term assimilated describes Vikings who ...
integrated into the cultures where they settled.
The Hundred Years' War was fought between these two countries
France and England
Scholasticism attempted to do what?
combine religious faith with logic and reason
Habeas corpus protects people from ...
being held indefinitely without appearing before a judge
What happened to Charlemagne's empire after his death?
It divided into separate kingdoms
Which Viking explorer reached present-day Canada around the year 1000?
Leif Eriksson
At the end of the First Crusade, who controlled Jerusalem?
Christian Crusaders
How did regular clergy differ from secular clergy?
regular clergy lived under the rules of the monastic order
The growth of Parliament represented a gradual transfer of political influence from to king to...
a lawmaking body
What was Otto the Great's relationship with the papacy?
he received an imperial crown but later replaced a pope.
The Commercial Revolution was a shift toward an economy based more heavily on ...
international trade and money
What was a characteristic of Gothic architecture?
flying buttresses, pointed arches, and thin walls
Which issue created conflict between popes and secular rulers?
Who had authority to appoint or install church leaders
What caused the Great Famine in northern Europe?
repeated crop failures linked to poor weather
William gained the English throne after which battle in 1066?
Battle of Hastings
Why did banks become increasingly important during the Commercial Revolution?
merchants needed safe places for money and support for trade.
Which feature is most closely associated with Romanesque architecture?
rounded arches and thick walls
How did the Great Schism of 1378 weaken the Catholic Church?
rival popes claimed authority and divided European loyalties.
How did the Black Death improve the bargaining position of some surviving workers?
a labor shortage allowed them to demand higher wages