Byzantine Empire
A Byzantine emperor under whom the empire reached its greatest size.
The permanent division between Eastern and Western Christianity
What was the Great Schism of 1054.
This Battle led by Charles Martel stopped the Muslim advance into France in the year 732.
What was the Battle of Tours?
A loosely organized system based on relationships among lords and vassals.
What is Feudalism?
how the Church helped to unify local communities during the Middle Ages.
What is a common faith and the place where all the sacraments and main events of peoples lives where held?
The Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian.
What is Hagia Sophia?
These are the two major Christian traditions resulted from the Great Schism.
What is Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?
Carolingian leader of the Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims ending Muslim threat to western Europe.
Who is Charles Martel?
These are land grants given to vassals by their lord.
What are fiefs?
system of religious laws governing the Catholic Church, religious and personal matters, including laws of marriage, clergy, and wills, codified in the Middle Ages.
What is Canon Law?
This city was the chief center for trade between the east and west, located in the Byzantine empire. It was the capital of the Empire.
What is Constantinople?
This was a major disagreement between Eastern Christian Leaders about the pope.
What is rejection of the pope's claim of authority over all Christians?
crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy, and made Education reforms.
Who is Charlemagne?
This is why Feudalism developed in Medieval Europe.
What is protection needed from invaders?
These were the three vows were part of the Benedictine Rule followed by monks and nuns
Poverty, Chasity, and Obedience
These were territories that Justinian and his general Belisarius reconquer.
What is North Africa, Italy, and part of the Iberian Peninsula?
The languages primarily associated with the Eastern and Western Churches.
What is Latin in the West and Greek in the East?
This happened to Western Europe's economy following the collapse of Rome
What is the decline of long-distance trade?
A knightly code emphasizing serving God, their lord, bravery, loyalty, and honorable behavior of taking care of the poor and noblewomen.
What is Chivalry?
A punishment preventing an entire region from receiving Church sacraments
What is the interdict?
These were goods traded in Constantinople.
What is Chinese silk, Egyptian wheat, Indian gems, and Southeast Asian spices?
There was a controversy over these images of Saints, Jesus, or Mary because people believed their devotion broke the first commandment.
What are icons?
A Frankish king who conquered the former Roman province of Gaul
Who is Clovis?
Mock battles where knights gained experience in warfare.
What are tournaments?
The pope claimed authority over secular rulers as well as Church affairs.
What is Papal Supremacy?
A petroleum-based weapon used by Byzantine forces against their enemies.
What was Greek Fire?
What occurred between the pope and Eastern patriarchs during the Great-Schism conflict.
What is excommunication of each other?
How the early Germanic tribes generally governed their kingdoms.
What are small communities governed according to unwritten customs?
Peasants produced most of the food, clothing, furniture, and tools needed which explains...
How are feudal manors self-sufficient?
important contributions of monks and nuns to medieval communities.
What is opening schools, copying manuscripts, preserving books, and helping the poor?
The wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nika Revolt.
Who is Theodora?
Important differences between the Eastern and Western Churches
What is "Priests could marry in the Eastern Church, the Patriarch was the leader in the East, and they Speak Greek in the Eastern Church"?
These were the invaders of Europe in the 800s and 900s.
Who are the Vikings, Magyars, and the Muslims?
They made up the majority of the social structure pyramid of medieval Europe, bound to the land and worked on the farms and did repairs in order to get protection from a Lord.
What are serfs?
When a person was cut off from the Church and its sacraments.