KINGS
a French speaking descendent of Rollo the Viking, the 1st king from England's new royal house: the house of Normandy.
Who is William the Conqueror?
This imposed certain limits on the king’s power, insisting that no future King of England would reign as an absolute monarch. England’s barons forced the hated king John to sign it in 1215.
What is The Magna Carta?
During this campaign, King William was so angry because the people from North England were not accepting of him so he had his troops plunder Northern towns, burn their crops, kill livestock and men. They also burned barns, tools, and houses.
What is the “Harrying of the North”?
He earned this title in two ways.
By uniting the divided Anglo-Saxon kingdoms against the threat of the Danes.
By uniting them into a single great group, the English people.
Who is Alfred the Great?
In this fight against the English army, William of Normandy had fresh troops on horseback (melee a cheval) & more archers and crossbow men
What is the Battle of Hastings?
He was the first real king of Germany. He captured a Magyar prince and taught his knights how to fight on horseback. He was crowned king after he defeated the Magyars in the Battle of Riade in 933.
Who is Henry the Fowler?
An agreement between Scotland and France that if England attacked either of them, then the other would join the war.
What is the Auld Alliance?
As a result of this event,
The language of the government became French
About 80% of all the land in England passed from English hands into the hands of the Normans and their allies.
What was The Norman Conquest?
His victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 earned him the title “guardian of Scotland.”
Who is William Wallace?
Matilda and her husband fought this 19 year civil war to regain the throne because Stephen Blois tried to take the throne instead of Henry’s daughter Matilda. It ended in the Treaty of Wallingford in 1153 which said that Stephen would remain on the throne until he died and then Matilda’s son, Henry II, House of Plantagenet, would take his place.
What is The Anarchy?
He was the first Rus Christian King. He rejected Islam, Judaism, and Western Christianity. His mass baptisms of the citizens of Kiev created a firm, long-lasting link between the Russian people and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Who is Vladimir the Great?
King Henry II started these rules with the purpose of setting equal punishments for equal crimes, regardless of who judges the accused or where the accused commits his crime.
What is Common Law?
This was the scattering of the Jewish people all over the world, far from their ancient homeland of Israel.
What is the Jewish Diaspora?
He produced the first French translation of the New Testament. He didn't believe in prayers to the Saints, purgatory or that only church ordained priests had the right to teach Scripture. The Roman Catholic Church condemned him as a heretic.
Who is Peter Waldo?
When Constantinople refused to pay the Crusaders the money that Prince Alexios owed them, the Crusaders attacked. This took place at the end of the Fourth Crusade and was one of the most violent, lawless episodes of the entire medieval period.
What was the Sack of Constantinople?
In recognition of his service by rescuing the Papal States from Berenger, Pope Leo XII crowned this king, son of Henry the Fowler, the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Who is Otto the Great/King Otto I?
These rules made it so that all land that did not belong to the Christian church belonged to the king and his government. The king granted his barons the use of his land but in exchange, the king demanded loyalty and service. At the bottom of this tier was the serf, or medieval peasant, who was bound to his lord by an oath of bondage, to obey his lord in all things, to love what his lord loved, to hate what his lord hated and to do his best to please his lord in every possible way.
What is the Feudal System?
The terrible epidemic of the bubonic plague, a deadly bacterial disease, that began in China and spread to Europe and north Africa during the late 1340s. Within just a few years it had killed tens of millions of people, wiping out anywhere from 30-60% of Europe’s human population.
What is The Black Death?
In an effort to tame the Vikings, these 2 made a bargain that had two remarkable results.
It transformed the Vikings from savage invaders to loyal citizens. The Vikings soon adopted the Frank’s language, religion and customs.
The most savage Viking of all became the first Duke of Normandy. His great great great great grandson, Duke William of Normandy, would use Normandy as a base for an attack on England.
Who are Rollo the Viking and King Charles the Simple?
The war that was fought from 1337-1453. It was a battle for France’s throne that began with an argument between King Edward III and King Philip VI over Gascony, a French territory that still belonged to England’s kings.
What is The Hundred Years' War?
He united the houses of Lancaster and York by
(1) marrying King Edwards IV’s daughter, Elizabeth of York,
(2) creating a new badge, the Tudor Rose, a blend of both the white and red roses,
(3) naming his first child Arthur, in honor of the king of all Britons.
He also made it illegal for his nobles to maintain large standing armies like the ones that had helped him defeat Richard III. And he raised taxes on his lords to pay for large armies of his own.
Who is Henry VII or Henry Tudor?
A document that placed certain limits on the King’s power. It established a council of 24 Nobles - 12 chosen by the king and 12 chosen by the barons, who would oversee the king’s decisions. This is an early version of Parliament’s upper house, the House of Lords where all lords were nobles.
What is The Provisions of Oxford?
European Christians started these as religious wars fought to reclaim once-Christian territories, especially Jerusalem, the Holy Land, from the Islamic empire. They did not accomplish any of these goals
They failed to unite the churches, instead they drove a permanent wedge between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
They failed to unite the Christian world's bickering kings
They failed to re-open the holy land.
They failed to halt the spread of Islam or to win any Islamic territory for Christianity in any permanent way.
What are the 9 Holy Land Crusades?
During his one year, unofficial reign as king of England, he invited non-noble leaders from England’s small shires and boroughs to meet with his Parliament. For the first time, common Englishmen won the right to participate in England’s national government. This was the forerunner to the Parliament’s lower house, the House of Commons, whose members need not be nobles.
Who is Simon de Montfort?
The English civil war that lasted for 32 years on and off again, between the House of Lancaster (red rose) and the House of York (white rose), over who had the rights to the throne of England’s. 1455-1487
What is The Wars of the Roses?