Evidence Matters
Researchers use this procedure to reduce systematic preexisting differences between treatment groups and strengthen causal inference.
What is random assignment?
Chiao and Blizinsky found that nations higher in this cultural characteristic tended to have higher population frequencies of the short 5-HTTLPR allele.
What is collectivism?
This Japanese concept can involve fear that one's appearance, odor, gaze, or behavior will offend or make other people uncomfortable.
What is taijin kyofusho?
This biological system helps regulate the body's stress response and is associated with cortisol release.
What is the HPA axis?
A study of 38 health care professionals produces an interesting treatment effect, but this issue makes it difficult to assume the same result will occur among teenagers, older adults, or other populations.
What is limited generalizability?
This statistical technique combines results from several studies to estimate an overall pattern rather than relying on one investigation.
What is a meta-analysis?
This theory proposes reciprocal influences among environmental pressures, cultural practices, and biological variation across generations.
What is gene-culture coevolution?
This Cambodian concept can involve dizziness or heart palpitations interpreted through beliefs concerning the movement of wind within the body.
What is khyâl cap?
This hormone was studied along with social support because it may contribute to the stress-buffering effects of social connection.
What is oxytocin?
Two countries have different official depression rates, but they also differ in stigma, health-care access, economics, and diagnostic practices. These uncontrolled influences make this type of conclusion especially difficult.
What is a causal conclusion?
Andrews et al. reported this standardized measure as 0.88, indicating a large difference between treatment and comparison groups.
What is Hedges' g?
A psychologist interprets a patient's unfamiliar behavior according to expectations from the psychologist's own background rather than investigating what the behavior means to the patient. This illustrates this source of diagnostic influence.
What are clinician variables?
This concept describes an intense emotional episode that can include crying, shaking, shouting, or feeling out of control and may follow family conflict or another stressful event.
What is ataque de nervios?
This large Australian study found that greater intake of certain fruits and colorful vegetables was associated with lower odds of high perceived stress.
What is the AusDiab study?
A translated depression questionnaire uses the same literal words in two languages, but the items carry different meanings in each culture. This threatens this property of the measure.
What is validity?
A researcher finds that people who exercise more report less stress, but less-stressed people may simply be more likely to exercise. This alternative direction is known as this.
What is reverse causation?
These researchers investigated whether features of speech such as intonation, frequency, intensity, and loudness could contribute to identifying depression across cultural and language groups.
Who are Alghowinem et al. (2016)?
This historical Malay-associated concept describes episodes of severe, uncontrolled aggression.
What is amok?
Childs and de Wit found that members of this group experienced a greater decline in positive emotions during an acute stress task.
Who are non-exercisers?
A study finds that a coping behavior and stress are related, but a third factor could influence both variables. This third factor is known by this methodological term.
What is a confounding variable?
CBT successfully reduces depressive symptoms, and someone concludes that distorted thinking must therefore have been the original cause of the depression. This reasoning error has this name.
What is the treatment-aetiology fallacy?
These researchers found that beliefs and perceptions concerning depression differed among cultural groups and could potentially influence recognition and help-seeking.
Who are Furnham and Malik (1994)?
This broad term used in parts of Latin America can describe ongoing distress or “nerves,” rather than one brief acute episode.
What is nervios?
This study found that people who reported greater support from family or a significant other also tended to report lower perceived stress and better mental health.
What is Acoba et al. (2024)?
A study finds that people who use a treatment more often improve more, but participants chose how much they used it. This problem makes a causal conclusion weaker.
What is self-selection?