Pathways
The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions
What is metabolism?
The capacity to cause change
What is energy?
The cell's energy shuttle
What is ATP?
The study of energy transformations
What is thermodynamics?
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
What is a catalyst?
Begins with a molecule and ends with a product
What is metabolic pathways?
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
What is chemical energy?
ATP is composed of ribose, [BLANK], and three phosphate groups
What is adenine?
The energy of the universe is constant
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The region of a substrate where enzymes bind?
What is the active site?
Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
What is catabolic pathways?
Energy associated with motion
What is kinetic energy?
The three main types of work a cell does
What is chemical, transport, and mechanical?
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the [BLANK] of the universe
What is entropy?
The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called the free energy of activation
What is activation energy?
Consumes energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
What is anabolic pathways?
Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
What is thermal energy?
Couples exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions
What is ATP?
Energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
What is an open system?
Nonprotein enzyme helpers
What is cofactors?
The study of how energy flows through living organisms
What is bioenergetics?
Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
What is potential energy?
The energy to phosphorylate [BLANK] comes from catabolic reactions in the cell
What is ADP?
Tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously
What is free energy change?
Binds to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective
What is noncompetitive inhibitors?