Vibrio & Similar Bacteria
What is the gram stain and oxidase reaction for this group of organisms?
Fermentative Gram Negative Rods
Oxidase Positive
What is the gram stain and oxidase reaction for this group of organisms?
Gram Negative Rods
Oxidase Positive
What does the gram stain of Haemophilus species look like?
Pleomorphic GNR or Gram Negative Coccobacilli (GNCB)
GPR are widely found in what type of environment?
soil
Where are these organisms located?
Aquatic environments (salt/brackish/fresh water)
Generally during the warmer months
What is the one thing that separates this group from the Enterobacteriaceae?
They do not ferment carbohydrates
Nonfermentors metabolize carbohydrates oxidatively
TSI reaction will be K/K
What are the culture requirements for Haemophilus?
Atmosphere and agar type?
Capnophilic
Chocolate Agar
Which species of Aerobic GPR have spores?
Bacillus
What bacteria is the cause of "rice water" stools?
Vibrio cholerae
What environment is this group typically found in?
Moist environments
Ubiquitous in soil, water, plants, decaying vegetation
Not part of the normal flora
What Haemophilus species causes the STD known as chancroid? It is not part of the normal flora
Haemophilus ducreyi
Which GPR is a common clinical isolate, is part of the normal flora of the mouth, GI tract, female genital tract and plays an important role in protecting the host from urogenital infections?
Lactobacillus
small alpha/gamma hemolytic colonies on BAP
What is the name of the media that this group of organisms are typically grown on?
TCBS (Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar)
green with either yellow (V. cholerae) or green (V. parahaemolyticus) colonies
What will this group look like on a MacConkey agar plate?
NLF
Which haemophilus species is often associated with upper respiratory infections?
H. influenzae
What small GPR is associated with bacterial vaginosis?
Gardnerella vaginalis
Which Vibrio species is the most frequently encountered species in the US?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
What biochemical test will help to ID a Nonfermentor?
Oxidative Fermentative (OF) media
Two tubes: with and without oil overlay
Oxidative - positive (yellow) in open tube
Fermentative - positive in both tubes
Asaccharolytic/Nonoxidizers - negative (green) in both tubes
A quad plate is used to speciate what group of bacteria? What are in the different 4 quadrants?
The Haemophilus group
1 - V factor (NAD) - in RBCs but not available in blood agar
2 - X and V factors (Hemin and NAD)
3 - Horse Blood (to detect hemolysis)
4 - X factor (Hemin) - in RBCs & is available in blood agar
Most of the Bacillus species are considered contaminants except for which two?
Bacillus anthracis & Bacillus cereus
This organism has now been moved to the Enterobacteriaceae family and it is the only Oxidase positive member.
Plesiomonas
What is the most commonly isolated nonfermenter?
Leading cause of healthcare-acquired respiratory tract infections. Seen often in burn patients, CF patients, and causes "swimmer's ear"
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The HACEK group is normal flora in what part of the body?
Normal flora of the oral cavity
Cause opportunistic infections after dental procedures and have easy access to bloodstream
Which GPR has a gram stain that is described as "club shape", "coryneform", "diptheroid", or "Chinese letters"? This is a common bacteria found on the skin
Corynebacteria
Which diarrheal disease causing organism is usually contracted after eating bad chicken and has a "sea gull" shaped gram stain?
Campylobacter jejuni
Name some other members of this group?
Which one is considered a bioterrorism agent?
Acinetobacter
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia mallei - bioterrorism agent - glanders
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Alcaligenes
This bacteria can have a unique bipolar "safety pin" gram stain.
Pasteurella multocida
Which GPR has a narrow zone of hemolysis on BAP and can look like GBS and can also grow in colder environments? It has tumbling motility in wet mounts and umbrella motility in motility media.
Listeria monocytogenes