How Microscopes Work
What type of microscope takes advantage of a light source to help 'magnify'?
Light Microscope
T or F:
Prokaryotic Cells are usually larger than Euk. Cells
False
Give one reason why cells are so small
They need to be near their nucleus (command center)
They need to maintain volume/surface area ratio
T or F:
A cuboidal cell has six sides to help us calculate the surface area
False
What shape does DNA form inside a bacteria?
Circular
What do we do to give cells a better 'resolution' under a microscope?
*Double pts: what is one problem assoc. w/ this process?*
We stain em!
*They often die*
What type of microscope allows you to see cells, but not things as small as a virus?
Light microscope
As a cell grows in volume, do you actually "lose" surface area?
no. It is the ratio that gets out of wack.
How do we calculate area, and volume
A= L x W
V= H x L x W
What is a Prok. Cell wall made from?
*double pts if you also give plant cell wall material*
peptidoglycan
*cellulose*
How far can an Electron Microscope zoom?
200,000x !
What type of microscope is needed to see smaller things than a cell?
-ex: protein
Electron Microscope
What size (in micrometers) do cells usually measure?
-how big/small
1-100 micrometers
Why would a cell have "folding" on its memb.?
To increase SA
Tail-like structure that beats like a propellor to help things like sperm and bacteria "swim" around
What is Flagella?
If you wanted to see a cell's organelles, what type of microscope would you use?
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
How many times smaller is a bacteria compared to a mm?
*Bonus 200 if you also give the size of a Euk. Cell*
1000x smaller = 1 micrometer in length
*100x smaller than a mm = .01mm
List 3 of 4 axioms of Cell theory
1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells are the simplest collection of matter considered to be alive
3. All cells are related to one another
4. Cells can differ greatly, but they all share some common features
Des. the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol
Cytoplasm just describes a region on a cell
Cytosol is the fluid substance and its contents
Fine hair-like structure surrounding memb. that helps bacteria attach to something
What is Fimbriae?
List the 2 types of Electron Microscopes
*Bonus 200 if you can briefly des. how they work*
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) -"scans" outer surface
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) - "transmits" through the subject, providing interior images
List in order from smallest to biggest:
virus, atom, lipid, protein
atom, lipid, protein, virus
What happens when a cell does not have enough surface area to match its volume?
It cannot transport things in and out of the memb. fast enough
List 4 basic features of ALL cells
1. plasma memb.
2. cytosol (fluid inside cell)
3. chromosomes (carry genes)
4. ribosomes (make proteins)
What is the outermost layer of some bacteria? Also, give the 2 types.
*Bonus 200 for the functions of each type*
Glycocalyx Layer
-capsule (hard)
-slime (helps "stick" to things)